changes in credit risk may arise when either the value or the risk of corporate assets changes. changes in the equity value associated with the changes in the asset value and changes in asset risk can be characterized into potentially countervailing direct and indirect effects. the indirect effect of risk on equity value is a function of factors that affect the debt value of including leverage,...

Abstract Serial dictatorships have emerged as the canonical simple mechanisms in literature on allocation of indivisible goods without transfers. They are only neutral and group-strategy-proof environments which agents no outside options hence individual rationality constraints (Svensson Soc Choice Welfare 16:557–567, 1999). Accounting for constraints, our main result constructs class group-str...

With considering a ‘triangle of three major currency pairs’, there is a tiny difference between multiplication of exchange rate for the first two currency pairs and the third. To discover whether this little difference can lead to a neutral arbitrage or not, I took portfolios of 35 baskets of three major currency pairs(combinations of all 7 major currencies). There are eight approaches (differe...

Differences in ionization efficiency among neutral and sialylated glycans prevent direct quantitative comparison by their respective mass spectrometric signals. To overcome this challenge, we developed an integrated chemical strategy, Dual Reactions for Analytical Glycomics (DRAG), to quantitatively compare neutral and sialylated glycans simultaneously by MALDI-MS. Initially, two glycan samples...

In the present study, we experimentally tested the role of hand motor circuits in simple-arithmetic strategies. Educated adults solved simple additions (e.g., 8 + 3) or simple subtractions (e.g., 11 - 3) while they were required to retrieve the answer from long-term memory (e.g., knowing that 8 + 3 = 11), to transform the problem by making an intermediate step (e.g., 8 + 3 = 8 + 2 + 1 = 10 + 1 ...