Introduction: Repetitive cortical spreading depression (CSD) can lead to cell death in immature brain tissue. Caspases are involved in neuronal cell death in several CSD-related neurological disorders. Yet, whether repetitive CSD itself can induce caspase activation in adult or juvenile tissue remains unknown. Inducing repetitive CSD in somatosensory cortices of juvenile and adult rats in vivo,...

Stroke results from a transient or permanent reduction in blood flow to the brain. The mechanisms involving neuronal death following ischemic insult are complex and not fully understood. One signal which may control ischemic neuronal death is the inappropriate activation of cell cycle regulators including cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and endogenous cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors...

Extensive neuronal cell death during development is believed to be due to a limiting supply of neurotrophic factors. In vitro studies suggest that axon guidance molecules directly regulate neuronal survival, raising the possibility that they play a direct role in neuronal cell death in vivo. However, guidance errors may also influence survival indirectly due to loss of target-derived neurotroph...

Neurotoxic effects of excitatory amino acids have been implicated in various neurological disorders, and have been utilized for excitotoxic models of delayed neuronal cell death. The excitotoxic glutamate-induced, delayed neuronal cell death also results in inhibition of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaM kinase II). In this report, we characterized the glutamate-induced inhibition of ...

To assess the neuroprotective potential of melatonin in apoptotic neuronal cell death, we investigated the efficacy of melatonin in serum-free primary neuronal cultures of rat cortex by using three different models of caspase-dependent apoptotic, excitotoxin-independent neurodegeneration and compared it to that in necrotic neuronal damage. Neuronal apoptosis was induced by either staurosporine ...

programmed cell death-1 (pd-1) and its ligands, pd-l1 and pd-l2, have been regarded as important immune system regulatory molecules. the aberrant expression of the molecules has been related to several autoimmune disorders. this study is aimed to assess the mrna expression level of pd-1, pd-l1, and pd-l2 molecules in the peripheral blood mononuclear mells (pbmcs) from multiple sclerosis (ms) pa...

Axotomy of the sciatic nerve have been documented to cause neuronal loss, especially in newborn rats. Few works have focused on time course of neuronal loss and the type of cell death, which occurs after axotomy. Forty rat pups were anesthetized by hypothermia and the right sciatic nerve transected at five days of their age and the left side was used as control. The operated animals were sacrif...

Introduction: Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are involved in neurodegeneration procedure in Parkinson’s disease. Recently, neuroprotective potential of Boswellia resin has been demonstrated. Therefore, this study examined whether administration of Boswellia resin would attenuate MPP+- induced neuronal death in SK-N-SH- cell line, a human dopaminergic neurons- in vitro. Methods: Boswelli...

objective: the aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of melissa officinalis, a major antioxidant plant, against neuron toxicity in hippocampal primary culture induced by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (mdma) or ecstasy, one of the most abused drugs, which causes neurotoxicity. materials and methods: 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2 thiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromid...