in the bone marrow, there are certain populations of stem cell sources with the capacity to differentiate into several different types of cells. ideally, cell transplants would be readily obtainable, easy to expand and bank, and capable of surviving for sufficient periods of time. bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bm-mscs) possess all of these characteristics. one of the most important benefi...

Experiments showed that a neuron can fire when its membrane potential (an intrinsic quality related to electrical charge) reaches specific threshold. On theoretical studies, there are two crucial issues in exploring cortical neuronal dynamics: (i) what model describes spiking dynamics of each neuron, and (ii) how the neurons connected [E. M. Izhikevich, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, 15 (2004)]. ...

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als), the most common form of motor neuron disease, is a progressive and devastating disease involving both lower and upper motor neurons, typically following a relentless progression towards death. therefore, all efforts must be made by the clinician to exclude alternative and more treatable entities. als with laboratory abnormalities of uncertain significance is...

background: primary cultures of embryonic neurons have been used to introduce a model of neurons in physiological and pathological conditions. however, age-related cellular events limit this method as an optimal model in adult neurodegenerative diseases studies. besides, short-interval changing media in previous cultures decreases the effectiveness of this model. as an example of this matter, w...

in this study tsga10 has been demonstrated as a testis-specific human gene that encodes a protein localized in sperm-tail and conserved in ciliary structure. further investigations showed tsga10 signalling and expression during embryogenesis, brain development and some malignancies including brain tumors. given the role of this protein in neuronal development and in certain tumors, it could pot...

background and objective: diagnosis of hirschsprung’s disease (hd) as the most common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction is based on the presence of aganglionosis from seromuscular or full thickness biopsy. due to the complication of full thickness or seromuscular rectal biopsy, mucosal-sub mucosal biopsy is more intended. however, interpretation of these biopsies stained with hematoxylin...

conclusions taken together, the combination of chemical and growth factors in the two-step induction protocol may improve the efficiency of msc differentiation into neural progenitor cells, and may be a new method for the easy and fast application of mscs in regenerative medicine in the future. results the results of real-time pcr showed that the expression of the gfap, mbp, and map-2 genes aft...

objective we describe three patients with very severe spinal muscular atrophy (sma) presented with reduced fetal movement in utero, profound hypotonia, severe weakness and respiratory insufficiency at birth. in all infants, electrodiagnostic studies were compatible with a neurogenic pattern. in genetic studies, all cases had homozygous deletions of exons 7 and 8 of survival motor neuron (smn) a...