The concept of pure neuroendocrine breast tumors was initially defined by Sapino et al. There are three sub-types of these tumors: solid, small cell/oat cell, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. To diagnose neuroendocrine tumors, more than half of the tumor cells must have neuroendocrine differentiation. The possibility of metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma must always be excluded in the...

Pancreatic cancer is classified as ductal, acinar, neuroendocrine carcinoma or pancreatoblastoma. Ductal and acinar cells derive from exocrine glands and neuroendocrine cells from endocrine glands; however, mixed acinar-neuroendocrine-ductal carcinoma has different histological carcinomas coexisting within a nodule. The mixed pancreatic carcinoma forms from different developmental origins and t...

Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells exhibit highly specialized differentiation with a neurosecretory phenotype and significant bioactive peptide hormone content. In addition to these functions, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells have been demonstrated to act as chemoreceptors for hypoxia (1). Specific pulmonary disorders, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary h...

Breast neuroendocrine tumours are rare, accounting for up to 5% of all breasts tumours and approximately 1% of all neuroendocrine tumours. In most cases, breast neuroendocrine tumours are histologically and moderately well differentiated. Neuroendocrine breast tumours lack characteristic imaging patterns. The histopathological assessment of these tumours is difficult, and in most cases the corr...

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are usually indolent (slow-growing) by nature and develop over the course of many years. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are usually more indolent, with better prognosis than adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (Carriaga & Henson, 1995). However, aggressive, fast growing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors exist and different types of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors e...

Summary In the last decade, a number of genetic alterations in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) have been identified. addition, differences tumor morphology as well proliferation index (Ki-67) or mitoses led to changes classification these neoplasms. According new World Health Organization (WHO) classification, GEP-NENs are now divided into two genetically and prognost...

Neuroendocrine tumors of the breast are very rare accounting for less than 0.1% of all breast cancers and less than 1% of all neuroendocrine tumors. Focal neuroendocrine differentiation can be found in different histologic types of breast carcinoma including in situ and invasive ductal or invasive lobular. However, primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast requires the expression of neuroe...

BACKGROUND To determine the prognostic relevance of neuroendocrine differentiation in poorly differentiated colorectal cancer. METHODS The clinicopathological features and survival of 70 patients with poorly differentiated colorectal cancer were analyzed retrospectively. Chromogranin A and synaptophysin were used as neuroendocrine markers. Patients were followed-up for more than 3 years or un...

The growing interest in neuroendocrine tumours is due to the dynamic growth of detection of this type of cancer. Neuroendocrine tumours (neuroendocrine neoplasms - NENs / neuroendocrine tumours - NETs) derive from glands, groups of endocrine cells and diffuse neuroendocrine system cells. Mainly they derive from the gastrointestinal tract (gastroenteropancreatic-neuroendocrine tumours - GEP-NETs...