The floor plate, a specialized group of cells in the ventral midline of the neural tube of vertebrates, plays crucial roles in patterning the central nervous system. Recent work from zebrafish, chick, chick-quail chimeras and mice to investigate the development of the floor plate have led to several models of floor-plate induction. One model suggests that the floor plate is formed by inductive ...

Those who follow politics know that the borders between countries regulated suggesting that WNTs could be decisive for NPB fate acquisican cause disagreements and sometimes evenwar, and that border control is an ongoing source of controversy. A different—but not less controversial—border is established during embryogenesis in vertebrates: the neural plate border (NPB) that separates neural and ...

The emergence of the neural crest has been proposed to play a key role in early vertebrate evolution by remodeling the chordate head into a "new head" that enabled early vertebrates to shift from filter feeding to active predation. Here we show that the genome of the basal chordate, amphioxus, contains homologs of most vertebrate genes implicated in a putative neural crest gene regulatory netwo...

In this paper we present a proposal to solve the problem of license plate recognition using a three layer fuzzy neural network. In the first stage the plate is detected inside the digital image using rectangular perimeter detection and the finding of a pattern by pattern matching, after that, the characters are extracted from the plate by means of horizontal and vertical projections. Finally, a...

The purpose of this work is to control the vibration of the plate with the help of neural network controller. Using augmented equations, a finite element model of a two-dimensional cantilever plate instrumented with a piezoelectric patch sensor-actuator pair is derived. The contribution of piezoelectric sensor and actuator layers on the mass and stiffness of the plate is considered. As mesh siz...

In vertebrates, BMP signaling before gastrulation suppresses neural development. Later in development, BMP signaling specifies a dorsal and ventral fate in the forebrain and dorsal fate in the spinal cord. It is therefore possible that a change in the competence of the ectoderm to respond to BMP signaling occurs at some point in development. We report that exposure of the anterior neural plate ...

In multicellular organisms, morphogenesis is a highly coordinated process that requires dynamically regulated adhesion between cells. An excellent example of cellular morphogenesis is the formation of the neural tube from the flattened epithelium of the neural plate. Cysteine-rich motor neuron protein 1 (CRIM1) is a single-pass (type 1) transmembrane protein that is expressed in neural structur...

Morphine administration produces several behavioral abnormalities in children and also in offspring animals, which is referred to as the effects of the drug on the development of the central nervous system. In the present study, the effect of maternal morphine consumption on the development of neural plate was investigated in Wistar rats (200-250 g). For this purpose, female rats (n = 8) were t...

Near the floor plate of the embryonic neural tube there is a group of neuroepithelial precursor cells that are specialized for production of the oligodendrocyte lineage. We performed experiments to test whether specification of these neuroepithelial oligodendrocyte precursors, like other ventral neural cell types, depends on signals from the notochord and/or floor plate. We analyzed heterozygou...

C-Lmx1 has been shown to be a key regulatory gene for specification of dorsoventral pattern during vertebrate limb development. Here, we describe its earlier pattern of expression during and shortly after neurulation. Transcripts are first expressed in the mesoderm of the head process and rostral tip of the primitive streak at the late gastrula/early neurula stage (stage 4). As neurulation occu...