The aim was to calculate the total and the net costs per child included in a 3-year caries preventive program for preschool children and to make estimates of expected lowest and highest costs in a sensitivity analysis. The direct costs for prevention and dental care were applied retrospectively to a comprehensive oral health outreach project for preschool children conducted in a low-socioeconom...

nowadays one of the most important energy sources is natural gas. by depletion of oil reservoirs in the world, natural gasâ will emerge as the future energy source for human life. one of the major concerns of gas suppliers is being able to supply this source of energy the entire year. this concern intensifies during more consuming seasons of the year when the demand for natural gas increases, r...

RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS ■ How is net benefit for above models correlated with user satisfaction? Does higher net benefit always yield a satisfied user. ● While query cost-benefit models are strongly correlated with user satisfaction, search cost-benefit models have weaker correlation. ■ How do the coefficients in above models vary for search sessions on mobile? At present, coeffici...

While a great portion of the scheduling literature focuses on time-based criteria, the most important goal of management is maximizing the profitability of the firm. In this paper, the net preset value criterion is studied taking account of linear time-dependent cash flows in single machine and flow shop scheduling problems. First, a heuristic method is presented for the single machine scheduli...

This paper deals with resource unconstrained project scheduling problems with the objective of maximizing the net present value (NPV) of project cash flows. Here we present a heuristic algorithm named as differential procedure (Dif_AOA).&#10In order to evaluate the efficiency of this algorithm, networks with node numbers between 10-1000 and network complexity coefficients between 1.3-6.6 have ...

in this paper, a novel mathematical model for a preemption multi-mode multi-objective resource-constrained project scheduling problem with distinct due dates and positive and negative cash flows is presented. although optimization of bi-objective problems with due dates is an essential feature of real projects, little effort has been made in studying the p-mmrcpsp while due dates are included i...

Abstract: Nonparametric estimators of the mean total cost have been proposed in a variety of settings. In clinical trials it is generally impractical to follow up patients until all have responded, and therefore censoring of patient outcomes and total cost will occur in practice. We describe a general longitudinal framework in which costs emanate from two streams, during sojourn in health state...

Cost of production and returns in growing mango orchard are estimated in different ways compared to annual crops. The present study has been designed to investigate cost of production, and returns per acre over the life time of mango trees. A sample of 20 mango growing farmers was taken purposively from various villages of Multan district. The objective was to work out benefit cost ratio and ne...