In the present study, the effect of concluding and executing monetary treaties as well as membership of regional economic cooperation organizations (as a potential for using regional currency) on mutual exports between Iran and its 50 major trading partners during the period of 2000 to 2016 is investigated. The Generalized Commercial Gravity Model and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression of p...

for the conference: Logic, Games and Philosophy: Foundational Perspectives Hilbert and Ackermann defined the language of first order predicate logic in such a way that a variable never occurs both free and bound within a single formula, nor can a formula contain nested quantification over the same variable [3, p. 74]. We will call formulas that satisfy these properties regular. Although first o...

It is not rare to analyze large data sets these days. Large data is usually of census type and is called the micro data in econometrics. The basic method of analysis is to estimate a single regression equation with common coefficients over the whole data. The same applies to other method of estimation such as the discrete choice models, Tobit models, and so on. Heterogeneity in the data is usua...

There are large literatures about the role of three dummy variables in explaining economic activity: Republican elections, oil shocks, and Romer dates, which mark monetary tightening. Many have argued that one or more of the three is not a cause of recessions. This paper parallels those literatures in examining equity returns and the three dummies. Given that equity returns vary with the busine...

Next, we transform using the multinomial2logical function the multinomial predictors into dummy predictor variables , which are simply true or false for each categorical value of the selected multinomial variables. The think data frame has three extralinguistic variables that we have decided to exclude from the following statistical modeling, namely Register, Section, and Author (which are colu...

Appendix S1: Procedure for masking environmental variables. For the masked geographically structured approach, we took background environmental data only from the areas of the bins used in model calibration (Anderson & Raza, 2010). To do so, we ‘masked’ out the area corresponding to the bin being withheld for evaluation by using a dummy variable. The dummy variable had a value of zero in the re...

We allow representing and reasoning in the presence of nested multiple aggregates over multiple variables and nested multiple aggregates over functions involving multiple variables in answer sets, precisely, in answer set optimization programming and in answer set programming. We show the applicability of the answer set optimization programming with nested multiple aggregates and the answer set...