We calculate the normal state Nernst signal in the cuprates resulting from a reconstruction of the Fermi surface due to spin density wave order. An order parameter consistent with the reconstruction of the Fermi surface detected in electron-doped materials is shown to sharply enhance the Nernst signal close to optimal doping. Within a semiclassical treatment, the obtained magnitude and position...

   In this study, linearized transport pore model (LTPM) is applied for modeling nanofiltration (NF) membrane separation process. This modeling approach is based on the modified extended Nernst-Planck equation enhanced by Debye-Huckel theory to take into account the variations of activity coefficient especially at high salt concentrations. Rejection of single-salt (NaCl) electrolyte is inve...

We consider Gibbs’ definition of chemical equilibrium and connect it with dynamic equilibrium, in terms no substance formed. determine the activity coefficient as a function temperature pressure, reactions or without interaction solvent, incorporating error from Raoult’s Law Henry’s Law, if necessary. compute maximal reaction paths apply results to electrochemistry, using Nernst equation.

The purpose of the Perspectives in General Physiology is to provide a forum where scientific uncertainties or controversies can be discussed in an authoritative, yet open manner. The Perspectives are solicited by the editors—often based on recommendations by the advisory editors or members of the editorial board, who may be asked to coordinate the process. To frame the issue, two or more expert...

We report a theoretical calculation explaining the quantum Nernst effect observed experimentally in a bismuth single crystal. Generalizing the edge-current picture in two dimensions, we show that the peaks of the Nernst coefficient survive in three dimensions due to a van Hove singularity. We also evaluate the phonon-drag effect on the Nernst coefficient numerically. Our result agrees with the ...

A theory is presented to interpret the phonon drag magneto-thermopower oscillations observed in a periodically modulated two-dimensional electron gas. The thermoelectric and phonon drag tensors are obtained by solving a Boltzmann equation driven by an anisotropic electron-phonon scattering rate reflecting the twofold symmetry of the Fermi surface. It is shown that commensurability oscillations ...

The objective of this study is to evaluate whether the accumulation model developed by Zarfl et al. (2008) could be used to predict the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a group of antibacterial fluoroquinolones (FQs) for Escherichia coli (E. coli). Our model, which is based on the "Fick-Nernst-Planck" equation and the permeability of the neutral and charged species as well as the physi...

Ab initio density functional theory is used to calculate the electrochemical phase diagram for the oxidation and reduction of water over the Pt(111) surface. Three different schemes proposed in the literature are used to calculate the potential-dependent free energy of hydrogen, water, hydroxyl, and oxygen species adsorbed to the surface. Despite the different foundations for the models and the...

The frog sartorius muscle is a model tissue for demonstrating to physiology students the principles underlying both membrane phenomena and hypothesis testing. Myocytes can be impaled with conventional glass microelectrodes to measure membrane voltage (Vm). Further, Vm is observed as extracellular K+ is altered and a K+ channel blocker is added. After the experiment, students examine the underly...

Abstract Ion channels are of major interest and form an area of intensive research in the fields of biophysics and medicine, since they control many vital physiological functions. The aim of this work is to propose a fully stochastic model describing the main characteristics of a multiple channel system, in which ion movement is coupled with a Poisson–Nernst–Planck equation. Exclusion forces ar...