background: it has been documented that cytokines play important roles in the induction of normal functions of the placenta. it has been hypothesized that abnormal expression of the cytokines may be associated with unsuccessful pregnancy. objective: the aim of this study was to compare the serum levels of interleukin-17a (il-17a) and tumor growth factor (tgf-ß) in pre-term, term neonates, and t...

PURPOSE To describe the clinical characteristics of full-term neonates with hypocalcemia and to suggest factors associated with neonatal hypocalcemia. METHODS The medical records of full-term neonates with hypocalcemia were reviewed. Hypocalcemia was defined as an ionized calcium (iCa) concentration of <4 mg/dL. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) insufficiency was defined as a serum PTH level of <60 p...

Objective: To determine the risk of retinopathy prematurity (ROP) among preterm with and without sepsis admitted in a neonatal intensive care unit tertiary hospital Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: In this prospective cross-sectional study conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital from October 2021 to March 2022. All born gestation &lt;32 weeks birth weight &lt;1.5kg were &lt;28 days old either ...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to determine the correlation of Apgar score with asphyxial hepatic injury and neonatal mortality in moderately and severely asphyxiated newborns. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a secondary analysis of our prospective observational case-controlled study. Sixteen neonates with severe birth asphyxia (five-minute Apgar ≤3) were compared with either 54 modera...

Objective: To determine the prevalence of Rh and ABO incompatibility in jaundiced neonates. Methodology: This hospital based descriptive study was conducted in Pediatrics Unit, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. A total of 200 neonates with clinically diagnosed jaundice were included in the study. Results: Out of 200 neonates 70% were male and 30%female. Majority of neonates 99.5% age was ranged f...

OBJECTIVE It is propounded that febrile neonates with low risk criteria (LRC) can be carefully observed without parenteral antimicrobial therapy; but yet, reliability of LRC to exclude serious bacterial infection (SBI) is uncertain. METHODS The records of all febrile term neonates, seen in the emergency room and admitted in neonatal ward of 17 Shahrivar children's hospital of Rasht, Iran from...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pentobarbital is known to affect cerebral metabolism; pentobarbital sedation is, however, frequently used for MR imaging and MR spectroscopy, especially in children. Accurate assessment of the brain metabolite levels is important, particularly in neonates with suspected brain injury. We investigated whether pentobarbital sedation has any effect on the ratios of spectral m...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Until now, most studies of brain injury related to term neonatal encephalopathy have focused on the cerebrum and ignored the cerebellum. We sought to evaluate whether cerebellar injury occurs in term asphyxiated neonates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Asphyxiated neonates treated with hypothermia were enrolled prospectively. Severity of brain injury in the cerebrum was scored o...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the incidence and survival rates of neonates weighing less than 2500g for duration of the first 28 days in an Iranian community. METHODS In this prospective longitudinal study, all neonates with birth weight less than 2500g were selected from the list of all neonates born in the only public-sector referral hospital, for a six months period. The weight of ...

Maternal vitamin D deficiency is one of the major risk factors for neonatal vitamin D deficiency followed by neonatal hypocalcaemia. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between delayed neonatal hypocalcaemia and maternal vitamin D deficiency. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Target population of this study included all term and preterm neonates with delayed hypoca...