In a publication in Danish from 1861, Bergh described the nematocysts found in a number of nudibranch species. Many of the species had been described previously, but a number were new and given names, but without a description. These species are nomina nuda. We have translated the "descriptions", including the foot-notes, and reproduced the original plate to show that only the nematocysts (real...

Both the photosynthetic and heterotrophic forms of the only known marine benthic (sand-dwelling) species of Polykrikos, namely P. lebourae, were investigated using light and electron microscopy and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The pseudocolonies usually contained eight integrated zooids and two nuclei. Pseudocolonies consisting of four or five zooids and one nucleus were observed for the fi...

Of the 6,000 reef fish species, only 128 feed on corals [1,2]. Despite being widely available on tropical reefs, corals appear to represent a particularly challenging trophic resource, with mucus- and nematocyst-laden tissues spread over a sharp coral skeleton. Here we report that coral-feeding tubelip wrasses use highly modified lips to suck material from the coral surface. These lips have a s...

The venom of Chrysaora quinquecirrha (sea nettle) contains several toxins that have bioactivity in mammals. In our study we aimed to extract proteins from Chrysaora quinquecirrha and to test the antioxidant potential of both crude protein and purified fractions. Proteins extracted from sea nettle nematocyst venom were purified through Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The molecular weight o...