In this paper we study learning and cooperation in repeated prisoners’ dilemmas experiments. We compare interaction neighbourhoods of different size and structure, we observe choices under different information conditions, and we estimate parameters of a learning model. We test robustness of the estimator. We find that naive imitation, although a driving force in many models of spatial evolutio...

Image analysis methods that use histograms defined over non-zero-sized local neighbourhoods have been proposed [1-4]. To better understand such methods, one can study the histograms of infinitesimal neighbourhoods. In this paper we show how the properties of such histograms can be derived through limit arguments. We show that in many cases the properties of these histograms are given by simple ...

OBJECTIVES Detailed assessments of the built environment often resist data reduction and summarization. This project sought to develop a method of reducing built environment data to an extent that they can be effectively communicated to researchers and community stakeholders. We aim to help in an understanding of how these data can be used to create neighbourhood groupings based on built enviro...

BACKGROUND Studies suggest that the neighbourhoods in which people live influence their health. The main objective of this study was to investigate the associations of neighbourhood-level income and unemployment/social security benefit on pregnancy outcomes: preterm delivery, small for gestational age (SGA), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and miscarriage/perinatal death in Amsterdam. ME...

BACKGROUND Planning and transport agencies play a vital role in influencing the design of townscapes, travel modes and travel behaviors, which in turn impact on the walkability of neighbourhoods and residents' physical activity opportunities. Optimising neighbourhood walkability is desirable in built environments, however, the population health benefits of walkability may be offset by increased...

The article calls attention to the relationship between neighbourhoods and tolerance classes in the foundations of tolerance near sets. A particular form of tolerance relation is given by way of introduction to descriptively ε-near sets. Neighbourhoods and tolerance classes have practical applications in digital image analysis. Mathematics Subject Classification: 03E15, 11K55, 54E17, 54E40

A fibration of graphs is a morphism that is a local isomorphism of in-neighbourhoods, much in the same way a covering projection is a local isomorphism of neighbourhoods. This paper develops systematically the theory of graph fibrations, emphasizing in particular those results that recently found application in the theory of distributed systems.