This work compares efficiencies of pneumatic and ultrasonic nebulizers and discusses drawbacks observed in trace element analyses of environmental matrices using ICP-AES with ultrasonic nebulization. The interference observed is mainly due to variable calcium content in samples; in most cases the excessive plasma loading by Ca is responsible for signal suppression of analyte elements. Such matr...

Among the devices employed for aerosol generation (metered-dose inhalers, nebulizers, and dry powder inhalers) only metered-dose inhalers and nebulizers are routinely employed for aerosol delivery to mechanically ventilated patients. The ventilator circuit and artificial airway were previously thought to be major barriers to effective aerosol delivery to mechanically ventilated patients. In the...

Aerosolization is a non-invasive approach in drug delivery for localized and systemic effect. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are new generation versatile carriers, which offer protection from degradation enhance bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. The aim this study was to develop optimize NLC formulations combination with optimized airflow rates (i.e. 60 15 L/min) choice medic...

BACKGROUND There is little information on the costs of maintaining a district nebuliser compressor service. This retrospective study examines the issue, reliability, and maintenance costs of electrical compressors to assist the prediction of future costs, taking into account recent safety legislation. METHODS Records of issue, repair, and replacement for the period 1982-91 were reviewed. The ...

can be sources of infection. However, since nebulization solutions are classified as external preparations, their hygienic management tends to be neglected at present. We investigated the microbial contamination of nebulization solutions in use from ultrasonic nebulizers commonly used in nebulizer therapy. In addition, the methods of preventing the microbial contamination of these nebulization ...