In 1992 neurophysiologists [20] found a new type of cells in areas V1 and V2 of the monkey primary visual cortex, which they called grating cells. These cells respond vigorously to a grating pattern of appropriate orientation and periodicity. Three years later a computational model inspired by these findings was published [9]. The study of this paper is to create a grating cell operator that ha...

Although many attempts have been made in presenting systematic models for design processes, most projects have been implemented by non-systematic methods, which seems that too much emphasis on the description of the final project (product) and the lack of attention to the design process are to be blamed for this. In this paper, a specific pattern of design scenario formation in the framework of...

Received: March 18, 2015; Accepted: March 20, 2015; Published: March 22, 2015 If you read these pages, you certainly know the seminal book by Benoit B. Mandelbrot, The Fractal Geometry of Nature (1982). In his Masterpiece, Benoit provides both a mathematical model and a description for many of the seemingly complex forms and patterns in nature, showing that fractal patterns are extremely famili...

Nature-based solutions (NbS) include all the landscape’s ecological components that have a function in natural or urban ecosystem. Memorial Parking Trees (MPTs) are new variant of nature-based solution composed bioswale and street tree allocated road, occupying space is sub-utilised by parked cars. This infill green practice can maximise use trees secondary streets multiple benefits our communi...

Children are often the most disadvantaged cohort during miserable situations of natural disaster, economic crisis, and environmental degradation. Meanwhile, children’s play is increasingly controlled, costly, standardized with engineered structures surfaces rather than infused processes organic materials. Access to nature-based playscapes in underserved neighborhoods extremely limited, impacted...