This paper proposes an approach to estimate the impact of adverse climatic events on profitability small European banks (LSIs). By considering river flooding phenomena, we construct a unique database matching information location, frequency and severity floods with location balance sheet data institutions mainly operating in areas where they are headquartered (territorial LSIs). We compare perf...

human capital has important role on economic growth. this factor can increase labor and capital productivity. it can increase capacity of new technology and reduce criminal participation and improve voters’ political behavior and migration of people with high human capital to another region has effects on region and spatial spillover on other regions. the present study aimed to analyze the dire...

Distribution of Natural Resources, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Development: Growth Dynamics with Two Elites This paper develops a model in which the interaction of entrepreneurial investments and power of the owners of land or other natural resources determines structural change and economic development. A more equal distribution of natural resources promotes structural change and growth thr...

investment shows a combination of demand of firms and supply household savings and due to the volatile nature reflects short-term fluctuations in the economy of any country. this study examines the effect of abundance natural resources on private sector investment through the economic freedom and five main index (government's size, the structure of property rights, access to sound money, f...

Using a panel of international student test scores, 1980 – 2000, panel fixed effects estimates suggest that government spending decentralization is conducive to student performance. The effect does not appear to be mediated through levels of, or decentralization in, educational spending. JEL codes: C33; H2; I2, H40

The Journal of Economic Literature codes classification system (JEL) published by the American Association (AEA) is de facto standard for research literature in economics. JEL used to classify articles, dissertations, books, book reviews, and working papers EconLit, a database maintained AEA. Over time, it has evolved extended with over 850 subclasses. This paper reviews history development sys...

Previously unknown metabolites from the two macrolide immunosuppressants rapamycin (sirolimus) and SDZ RAD [40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)rapamycin] obtained after in vitro incubation with human liver microsomes have been purified. Structure elucidation was performed by nanoelectrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry applying low energy collision activated dissociation. This ionization method is, a...

soil productivity and plant growth are usually affected by biological activities of earthworms. the objective of this study was a comparative evaluation of earthworm abundances in 20-year-old plantations of alder, oak, maple and cypress with the adjacent natural mixed broad-leaved deciduous forest in the caspian region of iran. in this research one sample plot, each 1 ha; was selected in every ...

Many tourism agglomerations are situated near natural resources, which implies a need to balance business growth with environmental preservation. Our analysis of the location decisions 295 luxury beach hotels in Spain between 1960 and 2015 reveals two main findings. First, we confirm positive relationship existence demand-related urbanization services around resources attractiveness new entrant...