Lately, a double skin façade (DSF) has been increasingly popular as an aesthetic and shading device. A façade with a secondary skin is employed in buildings to let natural light flow into the building without glare and heat. The purpose of this study is to examine the performance of secondary skin in buildings and to investigate the level of natural lighting in buildings that meets visual comfo...

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide, used to control foliage and soil-borne insect pests on a variety of food and feed crops. In the natural environment, Chlorpyrifos can be degraded  through  several  possible  processes,  including  photodegradation, biodegradation,  and hydrolysis.  In  the  present  work  the  photodegradation  and  environmental  fate  of  Chlorpyrifos  in aqueo...

iran is one of the limited numbers of ancient countries which is almost totally located on earthquake belt. earthquakes have always been the most important natural hazard in iran. many villages, cities, civilizations and monuments have been partly or totally destroyed by past earthquakes in iran. as a developing country, iran is expanding its cities, industries, dams, power plants etc. the rece...

Purpose: To investigate the possible roles of season of birth and perinatal duration of dayligh (photoperiod) in the development of myopia. Design: Retrospective, population-based, epidemiological study. Participants: A total of 276 911 adolescents (157 663 male, 119 248 female) 16 to 22 years old Israeli-born conscripts to the Israeli Defense Forces who were examined during the 5-year period 200

Light fields [J. Math. Phys. 18, 51 (1936); The Photic Field (MIT, 1981)] of natural scenes are highly complex and vary within a scene from point to point. However, in many applications complex lighting can be successfully replaced by its low-order approximation [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 18, 2448 (2001); Appl. Opt. 46, 7308 (2007)]. The purpose of this research is to investigate the structure of ligh...

Light-driven outward H+ pumps are widely distributed in nature, converting sunlight energy into proton motive force. Here we report the characterization of an oppositely directed H+ pump with a similar architecture to outward pumps. A deep-ocean marine bacterium, Parvularcula oceani, contains three rhodopsins, one of which functions as a light-driven inward H+ pump when expressed in Escherichia...