The killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIR) of human natural killer (NK) cells recognize human leukocyte antigen class I molecules and inhibit NK cell cytotoxicity through their interaction with protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP). Here, we report that KIR recognition of class I ligands inhibits distal signaling events and ultimately NK cell cytotoxicity by blocking the association of an adaptor...

Background Natural killer (NK) cells are immune that can detect and eliminate tumor bridge innate to adaptive responses. Tumor specific activation of NK is thus an area active investigation in oncology, but date has relied on complex biologic modalities (e.g., antibodies, fusion proteins, or cell therapies), each which inherent disadvantages this application. Thus, alternative approaches warran...

Background: Although there is convincing data in support of the effectiveness of hyperthermia in tumor therapy, the molecular mechanisms underlying the clinical effects of hyperthermia are still poorly understood. Objective: To investigate natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity against heat-treated SW-872 and HeLa tumor cell lines. Methods: NKG2D ligands and HLA class I transcription were examin...

Background: NK (natural killer) and NKT (natural killer T) cells, as components of innate immune system, play a crucial role in tumor progression and dissemination. Objective: To investigate the percentages of NK cells, NKT cells, iNKT (invariant natural killer T) cells, total T lymphocytes as well as activated T lymphocytes, in tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLN...

Natural Killer(NK) cell nenoplasm is heterogeneous disease group. In the latest World Health Organization(WHO) classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue(2008), disease entities considered as NK cell deviation are 1) Aggressive NK cell leukemia (ANKL), 2) NK cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, 3) Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal. While several NK related diseases are pr...

This panel was developed to measure the functional capability of natural killer (NK) cell subsets in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). It includes markers to determine the frequency of cytokine secreting and cytotoxic NK cell subpopulations in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples stimulated in vitro with human 721.221 cells. NK cell subsets were defined by the expression of killer c...

Background: Interaction between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules is important for regulation of natural killer (NK) cell function. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of compound KIR-HLA genotype on susceptibility to acute leukemia. Methods: Cohorts of Iranian patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML;...

Strategies are emerging to apply natural killer (NK) cells as therapeutic agents against a broad range of malignancies. Novel clinical approaches aim to overcome limitations of original therapies, which have utilized lymphokine activated killer cells or systemic cytokine treatments. Remarkable results, including survival improvements and amelioration of graft versus host disease, were obtained ...

Gene-engineered immune cell therapies have partially transformed cancer treatment, as exemplified by the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells in certain hematologic malignancies. However, there are several limitations that need to be addressed target more types. Natural killer (NK) a type innate represent unique biology surveillance. In particular, NK obtained from heathy donors can s...

Natural killer (NK) cells, a cytotoxic lymphocyte lineage, are able to kill tumor cells in vitro and in mouse models. However, whether these cells display an anti-tumor activity in cancer patients has not been demonstrated. Here we have addressed this issue in patients with several hematological cancers. We found a population of highly activated CD56(dim)CD16(+) NK cells that have recently degr...