Like many virtuosi in his day, the English philosopher John Locke maintained an active interest in metrology. Yet for Locke, this was no mere hobby: questions concerning measurement were also implicated in his ongoing philosophical project to develop an account of human understanding. This paper follows Locke's treatment of four problems of measurement from the early Drafts A and B of the Essay...

A cohort study tracks two or more groups forward from exposure to outcome. This type of study can be done by going ahead in time from the present (prospective cohort study) or, alternatively, by going back in time to comprise the cohorts and following them up to the present (retrospective cohort study). A cohort study is the best way to identify incidence and natural history of a disease, and c...

Recent medical research has been based on a flawed rationale of clinical innovation (here termed the 'basic-to-mega model') which neglects the human organism as a vital focus of clinical scientific study. The consequent over-concentration upon cellular and population levels of analysis has probably damaged the rate of therapeutic progress. The key role in medical research should be acknowledged...

Interpreting the natural environment in the cultural context of a museum is common practice in the early 21st century. It was also quite common in the 19th century. This chapter considers some of the key discourses in natural history and science museums to reveal a rich legacy of engagement with the environment. It begins with a review of a contemporary film that portrays the wonders of the mus...

The Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry (PCMR) was established to describe the epidemiologic features and clinical course of selected cardiomyopathies in patients aged 18 years or younger and to promote the development of etiology-specific treatments. Sixty-one private and institutional pediatric cardiomyopathy practices in the United States and Canada were recruited to participate in the PCMR. T...

Robert F. Denno was widely recognized as one of the leading insect ecologists in the world. He made major contributions to the study of plant-insect interactions, dispersal, interspecific competition, predator-prey interactions, and food web dynamics. He was especially well known for his detailed and comprehensive study of the arthropods that inhabit salt marshes. Denno promoted a research appr...

THE natural history of migraine raises many problems for clinicians. The main features of the syndrome are well known and have been described in medical and lay literature from early times. Nevertheless, there are many difficulties which need to be resolved, and it was only in April 1969 that the World Federation of Neurologists was able to agree on a definition of what symptoms constituted an ...

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The availability of the draft sequence of the chicken genome will undoubtedly propel an already important vertebrate research model, the domestic chicken, to a new level. This review describes aspects of chicken natural history and cross-disciplinary biological value. The diversity of extant genetic variants available to researchers is reviewed along with institutional stock locations for North...