shiite murji’ah is a movement in the second century of kufah. having distinguished themselves from official shiites after the rise of some political-social events in kufah and basically as a way of solving the troubles before shiite community, they adopted an idea concerning imamat –which is the most central foundation of shiite thought- which was a kind of retreatment from this foundation. tho...

This paper reviews the relationship between the rule of law, good governance, and sustainable development as those terms are used by the relevant development organizations; describes the efforts made by various organizations to promote the rule of law and good governance; and addresses the need to strengthen compliance and enforcement for sustainable development. A recent movement, which has re...

Through discourse and social memory, history is continually imported to the present to fulfill certain socio-political demands or perceived inadequacies that the present cannot address. In Germany following the First World War, National Socialism‘s virulent appropriation of German Romantic principles provides an example of the past‘s resurrection to serve the needs of the present. The significa...

Introduction As we approach 2010, a clearly discernible buzz of excitement and trepidation hovers over national discussions of biology education (1). In 2003, BIO2010 (the National Research Council's treatise on biology education) set the stage for rethinking how biology educators might teach an increasingly content-rich field by putting a greater emphasis on scientific methodology and critical...

A case study of the anti-dam movement in southern Brazil shows how particular local mobilizations are linked to national and global economics, politics, and social movements. In the early stages, the progressive church was the predominant influence and was largely responsible for framing the key issue as peasants’ right to land, while left intellectuals contributed a class analytical frame. Aft...

This article focuses on three mechanisms to explain the rise of populist movements across Europe. They are politicization of resentment, exploitation of social cleavages, and polarization of resentment and feelings of non-representation. We conceptualize populism as a strategic power game aiming to transform potential majorities into real ones by creating or reframing social cleavages. Our theo...