Background:  The objective of the study was to appraise the total dollar value of human life losses (TDVHL) associated with COVID-19 in Canada. Methods: The net output approach (also known as human capital approach) was applied in the dollar valuation of the 6,062 human life losses associated with COVID-19 in Canada as of 23 May 2020. The economic model was rerun five times: (a) using the nati...

Abstract Drill core is a vital resource for subsurface characterization and informs process understanding. However, it expensive to collect and, as result, the geoscience community increasingly relies on data from legacy address today's energy challenges. Many countries store geological materials collected over decades in national archives. In UK, 600 km of drill currently stored at UK reposito...

Abstract National flags are the most recognizable symbols of identity a country. Similarities between may be observed due to cultural, historical, or ethical connections nations, because they originated from same group people, unrelated sharing common and colors. Although fact that similar exist is indisputable, this has never been quantified. Quantifying flags’ similarities could provide usefu...

In 2015 the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) argued that surgical care is important to national health systems along with the economic viability of countries. Gajewski and colleagues outlined how the Commission’s blueprint has been implemented in sub-Saharan Africa, including two funded research projects that were integrated into national surgical plans. Here...

Surgery has the potential to address one of the largest, neglected burdens of disease in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) has provided a blueprint for a systems approach to making safe emergency and elective surgery accessible and affordable and has started to enable African governments to develop n...

Iran’s foreign policy toward international organizations has always oscillated between divergence and convergence, depending on the status of the country in question and the statesmen's point of the view. This study aimed to examine the status of international organizations in Iran’s foreign policy. A divergent approach to international organizations was adopted during 1981-1988 and 2005-2013. ...