background and aims. the correct relationship of the total mesiodistal width of the mandibular teeth to that of the maxillary teeth (bolton’s ratios) is among the main factors considered in obtaining an optimal occlusion. the present study was conducted to determining the bolton’s ratios before and after treatment in skeletal class i patients. materials and methods. in this descriptive analytic...

Background: Development of locally-derived hematological reference intervals is necessary for improving the quality of health care and clinical trials. However hematological reference intervals are affected by several variables including age, gender and environmental factors. Therefore this study was conducted to determine the gender and age-specific hematological reference intervals of healthy...

Objective: to estimate the health and economic impacts of narrower health inequalities in Australia. The health impacts are measured in terms of improved mortality and disability rates, and the economic impacts in terms of lower government expenditures on health care costs and on the disability support pension. Material and methods: this paper reports on an application of a dynamic microsimulat...