Direct write lithography is used in all phases of nanotechnology development activities. In research, it is utilized to create nanostructures into which functional materials can be patterned on the nano-scale. In process development, direct patterning allows the flexible creation of devices with varying features to optimize behavior. In manufacturing of semiconductors and data storage devices, ...

A critical view on the outcome of research in nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage devices (batteries and supercapacitors) is provided through selected examples. The nano- approach traces back to the early battery research and its benefits realized even before the nano- term was coined. It has enabled important progresses which have translated, for instance, in the possibility of us...

ABSTRACT Currently established and projected regulatory frameworks require the classification of materials (whether nano or non-nano) as specified by respective definitions, most of which are based on the size of the constituent particles. This brings up the question if currently available techniques for particle size determination are capable of reliably classifying materials that potentially ...

This paper presents a detailed study of the present VLSI technological aspects, importance and their replacement or combination with the Nanotechnology in the VLSI world of silicon semiconductors. Here authors bring out the nanotechnology in Silicon world which invariably means shrinking geometry of CMOS devices to nano scale. This also refers to a new world of nanotechnology where chemists are...

The emergence of nanomaterials (NMs) has made everyone more aware the close relationship between size and performance materials. Especially, catalytic properties materials may change dramatically when macroscopic matter goes from bulk to nanometer atomic level. It is very firmly believed that “Small determines macroproperties, contains big science.” Therefore, as chemists hope, it essential rat...

The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) projects that the spatial resolution of features in integrated circuits will eventually be well at nanoscopic dimensions. As a result, there is, presently, an active interest in the design of nano-scale circuit elements such as transistors, resistors, and “capacitors”. As with all circuit elements, the materials for fabrication of n...

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been successfully used as an analysis tool for nano-scale materials in nuclear and special materials applications for many years. Recently, the large chamber (LC) SEM at Y12 has demonstrated its power in surface analysis and inspections of large specimens at the nano-scale without destruction of the specimen. This paper summarizes the research efforts ...