"Ibn Sina (Arabic), also known as Avicenna (Latin) and Abu Ali Sina (Persian) was the most original and systematic Muslim philosopher. In this light he is mentioned by two celebrated historians of medieval western philosophy: A. Maurer states, "...his [ibn Sina's] philosophy is a highly personal achievement, ranking among the greatest in the history of philosophy;" and F. Copleston holds, "The ...

extended abstract 1. statement of the problem in the era prior to the contemporary arabic literature, long, epic poems, which are considered to be the first sparks of epic poetry, were composed. one of these poems, or maybe the very first one of them, is the long, renowned ode of “ozrie” composed by sheikh kazem al-ozri. the poet owes his fame, to a large extent, to this poem. in terms of liter...

zafar n?meh was written by hamdoll?h mostoufi who was a famous iranian historian and geographer in the mongol era and his versified book covers the history of iran after islam until 1336 ad. although this is one of the important sources in the study of mongol era, it has not been considered properly, because this book went under the shadow of another well-known book on history of mongol, j?mi a...

one of the most important tekyes in iran and one of the most important islamic buildings in kermanshah province is the mo’aven-ol molk tekyeh. this building is located in historical context (barzeh damagh district) and related to the late qajar period. based on the present situation, the space of this tekye has been formed of four parts: courtyard entrance, hoseiniyeh, zainabiyeh and abbasiyeh....

1. introduction the shahnameh opens with a preface which probably did not exist prior to ferdowsi. even if such a thing existed, it must have been different from the present introduction. putting this aside, the rest of the shahnameh has a clear beginning and ending. this has helped critics to determine the structure of the work as a whole by its content. however, we believe the shahnameh inclu...

1. introduction persian folktales and literary stories are full of love relationships which add to the structural richness of the story. in most of these stories, love commences on part of the male character. however, there are instances in which women or girls initiate love. these kinds of love create adventures which are admirable in themselves. the commencement of love and the way a lover es...

1. introduction composition and letter writing are some of the most important issues that have been addressed in the past. especially at the ninth and tenth centuries hegira (teimurian era), valuable works have been composed in this regard, as some have reviewed and attended to the structure, while others have collected the original and content of the letters by the past eminent scholars. these...