Dikalov SI, Li W, Doughan AK, Blanco RR, Zafari AM. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and calcium uptake regulate activation of phagocytic NADPH oxidase. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 302: R1134–R1142, 2012. First published March 21, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00842.2010.—Production of superoxide (O2 ) by NADPH oxidases contributes to the development of hypertension and atherosclero...

OBJECTIVE NADPH, a substrate for the superoxide-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase, produces vasodilation in the cerebral circulation. However, the mechanisms of the effect have not been fully elucidated. We used a peptide inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (gp91ds-tat) and null mice lacking the gp91phox subunit of NADPH oxidase to examine the mechanisms of the cerebrovascular effects of exogenous NADPH. ...

The present study was first aimed at a complete steady-state kinetic analysis of the reaction between guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) and the myeloperoxidase (MPO)/H2O2 system, including a description of the isolation and purification of MPO from human polymorphonuclear neutrophil cells. Secondly, the overall reaction of the oxidation of NADPH, mediated by the reactive intermediates formed from the ...

Nicotinamide adenine dinuclotide phosphate reduced form (NADPH), an electron carrier, is a kind of antioxidants against the oxidative stress in the mitochondria. The major resources of NADPH are the pentose phosphate pathway and photosynthesis. This paper will focus on the structure, formation, reaction, detection and stability of NADPH. Jingru Liu NADPH 3 Introduction: Recently, reactive oxyge...

Apocynin has been used as an efficient inhibitor of the NADPH oxidase complex in experimental studies. NADPH oxidase was originally identified immune cells as playing an important microbicidal role. In cerebral ischemia, inflammation is increasingly being recognized as contributing negatively to neurological outcome, with NADPH-oxidase as an important source of superoxide. Recently, several for...

Oxidative deformylation of 4-hydroxy[14C]methylene-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3-one and oxidative demethylation of [30,31-14C]4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol by rat liver microsomes have been compared with regard to the manner in which electrons are introduced from both NADH and NADPH. Evidence suggests that NADH and NADPH support oxidation of both substrates via separate routes of electron ...

In this study, the innervation of the urethral muscle in adult male pigs was investigated using combined NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry and immunocytochemistry. Nerve fibres supplying the urethral muscle were found to show NADPH-d activity and they also expressed immunoreactivity to catecholamine synthesising enzymes including tyrosine hydoxylase (TH) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (D...

OBJECTIVE A poorly characterized phagocyte-type NADPH oxidase, which is reportedly NADH- rather than NADPH-dependent, is a major source of endothelial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We investigated the molecular nature of this oxidase and the characteristics of NADPH- versus NADH-dependent O(2)(-) production in endothelial cells of three different species. METHODS NADPH oxidase exp...

A significant role for alveolar macrophages (AM) in the pathophysiology of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) has been shown; however, the mechanisms behind AM-related lung injury remain relatively uncertain. We examined the role of AM nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in pulmonary endothelial cell septic injury. NADPH oxidase is one of the major sources of cellula...