The synthesis of the linearly N2 bridged, dichromium complex [(μ-N2){Cr(PNP)}2] (PNP=N(CHCHPtBu2)2) is reported. Experimental and computational data favor a three-spin electronic structure model with high-spin CrII ions that are antiferromagnetically coupled to an N22− bridge due spin-polarized backbonding. Reaction CO gave isocarbonyl [(PNP)(CO)2Cr(μ-CO)Cr(PNP)] [(PNP)(CO)2Cr(μ-N2)Cr(PNP)] cou...

We propose a novel measure of the amount of arbitrage capital allocated to the momentum strategy to test whether arbitrageurs can have a destabilizing effect in the stock market. Our measure, which we dub comomentum, aims to capture the extent to which momentum trades by arbitrageurs become crowded. Specifically, we define comomentum as the high-frequency abnormal return correlation among stock...

1. The principle of the double-inhibitor titration method for assessing competing models of electron transport phosphorylation is expounded. 2. This principle is applied to photophosphorylation by chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata N22. 3. It is found that, in contrast to the predictions of the chemiosmotic coupling model, free energy transfer is confined to individual electron tran...

A new method, Auger electron spectroscopy, is applied to the study of excited states of doubly ionized molecules. The energies of Auger electrons determine directly the vertical energies of doubly ionized states, because the single Auger process leaves the molecule in a state of double ionization. We have investigated the states of N22+ via the K Auger spectrum of N2 • The ionization in the K s...

Many U.S. states imposed temporary moratoria on farm and nonfarm residential mortgage foreclosures during the Great Depression. This article describes the conditions that led some states to impose these moratoria and other mortgage relief during the Depression and discusses the economic effects. Moratoria were more common in states with large farm populations (as a percentage of total state pop...

We provide direct evidence regarding the risk and reputational capital implications of commercial bank securities underwriting activities. Using a large sample of commercial bank underwritten initial public offerings (IPOs) and comparisons with investment bank underwritten issues, we find that (1) commercial banks are no more likely to misprice IPOs than are traditional investment banks, and (2...