OBJECTIVES Stress-inducible heat shock protein 22 (Hsp22) confers protection against ischemia through induction of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Hsp22 overexpression in vivo stimulates cardiac mitochondrial respiration, whereas Hsp22 deletion in vivo significantly reduces respiration. We hypothesized that Hsp22-mediated regulation of mitochondrial function is dependent ...

A deeper understanding of the spatial variability of soil properties and the relationships between them is needed to scale up measured soil properties and to model soil processes. The object of this study was to describe the spatial scaling properties of a set of soil physical properties measured on a common 1024-m transect across arable fields at Silsoe in Bedfordshire, east-central England. P...

Riparian forests can remove large amounts of nitrate from the groundwater discharges of adjacent uphill croplands. We review the mechanisms that could account for NO3 removal. Denitrification is hypothesized to be important, but measurement problems limit the relevant field data. We used large chambers (1-20 mZ) and tunable-diode laser infrared spectrophotometry to measure nitrous oxide (NzO) e...

Calcium ion participates in the regulation of neural transmission and the presynaptic release of neurotransmitters. It is also involved in epileptic events, cardiac arrhythmias and abnormal conduction of stimuli. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, on epileptic seizures and on reperfusion arrhythmias in rats prone to audiogenic ...

Objective: The nature of somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) studies of normal subjects is obviously much different from the patients. In this study our aim was to find out the effects of the change of stimulus frequencies on absolute latencies, amplitudes and central conduction time in median SEPs of normal subjects. Methods: Normal values of somatosensory evoked potentials were obtained from...

Evoked potentials are used to determine the integrity of neural pathways during neurosurgical and orthopaedic procedures, but the extent to which they may be altered by anaesthetic agents has not been studied systematically in children. In this study we have recorded median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (mnSSEP) in children during isoflurane anaesthesia to determine if there are changes...

From depth and scalp electrodes, we recorded MN-SSEPs of a 33-year-old man with right parietal dysfunction and refractory right temporal seizures. A depth lead with 8 electrodes was implanted deep in each parietal-temporal region. Stimulation and recording parameters followed American EEG Society guidelines. Scalp recordings had well-defined P9, P13-14, N18, N20, and P23 potentials with normal ...

Human cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), which are presumably generated in afferent thalamocortical and early cortical fibers, reveal a burst of superimposed early (N20) high-frequency oscillations (HFOs), around 600 Hz. There is increasing evidence of an imbalance of thalamocortical systems in schizophrenic patients. In order to assess correlations between somatosensory evoked os...

Three halotolerant bacterial strains; Rhodobacter sphaeroides ES16 (the wild type) and the two mutant strains of R. sphaeroides ES16, namely N20 and U7, were cultivated in glutamate-malate (GM) medium and screened for production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). The mutant strains N20 and U7 were found to accumulate PHB (53.9 and 42.0% of DCW, respectively) 3.6 and 2.8 times higher than the wild ty...

We develop three parametric models for electroencephalography (EEG) to estimate current sources that are spatially distributed on a line. We assume a realistic head model and solve the EEG forward problem using the boundary element method. We present the models with increasing degrees of freedom, provide the forward solutions, and derive the maximum likelihood estimates as well as Cramér-Rao bo...