In order to evaluate the applicability of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay in routine mutagenicity testing we investigated with this method different chemicals having different mechanisms of action: non-mutagens, direct-acting basealtering mutagens, direct-acting cross-linking mutagens, clastogens including a radiomimeti...

We described previously a simple test on petri plates for detecting chemical carcinogens as mutagens, using an especially sensitive set of bacterial strains to detect mutagenic acitivty and a mammalian liver extract for carcinogen activity. We now extend the utility of the method by introducing two new bacterial strains which can detect with great sensitivity many carcinogens which we did not d...

Directly active mutagens are formed on exposure of the promutagen benzo[a]pyrene to gaseous pollutants in smog. In simulated atmospheres containing 1 part per million nitrogen dioxide and traces of nitric acid, directly mutagenic nitro derivatives are readily formed from both benzo[a]pyrene and perylene, a non-mutagen in the Ames reversion assay. Possible formation of direct mutagens by such re...

Several epidemiological studies suggest an inverse relationship between fiber intake and colon cancer risk. Animal model studies indicate that this inhibitory effect depends on the source of dietary fiber. Because of the potential significance of certain colonic mutagens and secondary bile acids in the pathogenesis of colon cancer, the effect of types of supplemental fiber on fecal mutagens and...

A new tester strain, TA102, is described as an addition to the set of strains for the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test. This strain contains A X T base pairs at the site of the mutation (determined by DNA sequence analysis) in contrast to the other Salmonella tester strains that detect mutagens damaging G X C base pairs. This strain differs from previous tester strains in that the mutatio...

Ion beams are novel physical mutagens that have been applied to a wide variety of plant species. Unlike other physical mutagens such as X-rays, c-rays, and electrons, ion beams have high linear energy transfer, leading to high double-strand break yields and the resulting strong mutational effects. Takasaki Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application (TIARA) in Japan was established as t...

Research over the past 10 years has clearly demonstrated the presence of mutagens among the numerous man-made and naturally occurring chemicals in our environment. These mutagens occur in all classes of chemicals, including foods, drugs, cosmetics, pesticides, household and industrial chemicals as well as in pollutants of both air and water. More recently, a high correlation has been found betw...

The purification of cooking mutagens depends on the extraordinary sensitivity of the Ames/Salmonella mutagenicity test and its usefulness for tracking the mutagens during the purification steps. Following aqueous/acid (pH 2) extraction of fried ground beef (cooked at 200, 250, or 300 degrees C), XAD-2 column adsorption and elution with acetone, and acidic and basic liquid/liquid extractions, th...

Many chemicals which have been demonstrated to be mutagenic in a variety of organisms are either present in our environment or are used -for human consumption. A variety of techniques have been developed for the detection of chemical mutagens. Some of these techniques have recently been reviewed and compiled (1). The important question, from the viewpoint of using these testing systems as a gui...