753 August 2016, Vol. 106, No. 8 Spasticity is defined as an increase in muscle tone that is elicited by a velocity-dependent stretching of the muscles. It is part of the upper motor neuron syndrome of muscle weakness and is worst in antigravity muscles.[1,2] The most common causes of spasticity are: • cerebral palsy (spasticity is a dominant feature in 80% of all patients with cerebral palsy)[...

Botulinum toxin is significantly associated with decreased spasticity, increased range of motion and improved upper extremity function. Botulinum toxin in combination with electrical stimulation improves upper extremity function. Deinnervation of the subscapularis muscle using botulinum toxin may reduce shoulder pain and improve passive range of motion, more so than deinervation of the pectoral...

Medications to treat individuals with cerebral palsy have increased significantly over the last few decades. The purpose of this article was to randomly survey practicing neurologists on a national level to determine prescribing patterns for both spasticity and athetosis. The results indicated that the most frequently prescribed medication for spasticity was Baclofen while Artane was the most f...

The major objectives of this cross-sectional study were to (1) measure insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in individuals with complete spinal cord injury (SCI) and spasticity and (2) determine the relationships between IGF-1 and cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of thigh skeletal muscle groups. Eight individuals with motor complete SCI underwent magnetic resonance imaging to measure the CSA of the...

OBJECTIVE To quantify velocity dependent and position related properties of increased muscle tone measured during a constant velocity stretch. METHODS Elbow flexors were vertically stretched under four different velocities (40, 80, 120, and 160 degrees /s) through a 75 degrees range of motion in 12 patients with hemiparesis, 16 with parkinsonism, and 12 normal controls. From reactive torque m...

This study examined the extent to which a battery of tests could detect a reduction of plantarflexor spasticity resulting from cryotherapy. The tests included a traditional qualitative spasticity scale, three potential quantitative spasticity measures and a measure of voluntary ankle muscle function. Twenty-six adult traumatic-brain-injured subjects were examined; these included 22 males and 4 ...

spasticity or increase in muscle tone is one of the problems following stroke. due to this increase in muscle tone, patients are confronted to problems in motor control and difficulties in activities of daily living and complications such as shortness and contracture. the aim of this study is to compare the effects of using splint or botulinum toxin injection on spasticity, range of motion and ...

Spasticity or increase in muscle tone is one of the problems following stroke. Due to this increase in muscle tone, patients are confronted to problems in motor control and difficulties in activities of daily living and complications such as shortness and contracture. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of using splint or botulinum toxin injection on spasticity, range of motion and ...

Spasticity is one of the major complaints of patients with spinal cord injuries. It has negative effects such as limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs), pain, fatigue, sleep disorders, instability, joint contractures, pressure ulcers, and infection, and decreases gait ability through changes in timing of gait-related muscle contraction and cocontraction [1,2]. Spasticity, also, is a m...