deep fascia about 1 cm lateral to the origin of the zygomaticus major muscle; one ramus passed superficially above the upper third of the muscle. On the right side, this was not seen. The main zygomatic retaining ligaments are located immediately lateral to the origin of the zygomaticus major muscle. The zygomatic branches are usually located deep to the deep fascia in the lateral area of the m...

A muscle hernia is defined as a protrusion of the muscle belly through an acquired or congenital fascial defect. Muscle herniation through fascia is a relatively rare entity. Though predominantly asymptomatic, rarely they can be cause of vague pain in the leg, aggravated by exercises. Various conservative measures have been described for asymptomatic hernias, but treatment of symptomatic cases ...

BACKGROUND Infected sternotomy wounds occur in 0.5 to 8.4 percent of open heart operations. They are complex problems, with a mortality rate of 8.1 to 14.8 percent despite flap closure. For closure, the pectoralis major flap has had considerable success. However, in providing coverage to the lower third of the sternum, it may be deficient. Modifications to improve closure have included a rectus...

Introduction Intrinsic foot muscles and the plantar fascia provide mechanical support for the medial longitudinal arch in gait [1]. In an injury to the plantar fascia (i.e. plantar fasciitis), there may be an increase in load on the intrinsic foot muscles resulting in increased metabolic demand. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) has shown that the ratio of inorganic phosphate...

Successful management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis depends on adequate gap arthroplasty and interpositional graft; the objective is to produce a functioning pseudoarthrosis that prevents reankylosis and provides adequate mobility. Several interpositional grafts have been used for the treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis such as indigenous pterygomasseteric sling, tempora...

We conducted repeat muscle MR imaging (figure) on a 46-yearold man with relapsing eosinophilic fasciitis that can be classified in a continuum around the so-called Shulman syndrome.1 The patient had a 6-month history of relapsing fever and pain and swelling of the lower limbs, which responded to a moderate dosage of corticosteroids but relapsed several times after tapering of corticosteroids. I...

The paracolpium or paravaginal tissue is surrounded by the vaginal wall, the pubocervical fascia and the rectovaginal septum (Denonvilliers' fascia). To clarify the configuration of nerves and fasciae in and around the paracolpium, we examined histological sections of 10 elderly cadavers. The paracolpium contained the distal part of the pelvic autonomic nerve plexus and its branches: the cavern...

BACKGROUND Considering that complications and outcome of each method of pediatric inguinal hernia repair are one of the determinants for pediatric surgeons for selection of the appropriate surgical technique, we compared the early and late complications of two inguinal repair techniques, with and without opening the external oblique muscle fascia. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this double-blind cl...

Under normal circumstances, blood collected from superficial venous capillaries is directed upward and inward via one-way valves into superficial veins. These in turn drain via perforator veins, which pass through muscle fascia into deeper veins buried under the fascia. Leakage in a valve causes retrograde flow back into the vein. Unlike deep veins which are thick-walled and confined by fascia,...

Many studies use threshold-based techniques to assess in vivo the muscle, bone and adipose tissue distribution of the legs using computed tomography (CT) imaging. More advanced techniques divide the legs into subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), anatomical muscle (muscle tissue and adipocytes within the muscle border) and intra- and perimuscular adipose tissue. In addition, a so-called muscle den...