In this paper, we deene the Multilevel Rela-tional (MLR) data model for multilevel relations with element-level labeling. This model builds upon prior work of numerous authors in this area, and integrates ideas from a number of sources. A new data-based semantics is given to the MLR data model which combines ideas from SeaView, belief-based semantics and LDV model, and has the advantages of bot...

Multilevel Models (MLM) have pioneered the analysis of hierarchical data, with two or more levels. Agent-Based Models (ABM) are also used to analyse social phenomena in which there are two or more levels involved. This paper addresses the integration between MLM and ABM. To provide a basis of comparison, we focus on differential school effectiveness analysis, where MLM has been well studied, us...

Existing distinctions among macro and micro approaches have been jeopardising the advances of Information Systems (IS) research. Both approaches have been criticized for explaining one level while neglecting the other; thereby, the current situation necessitates the application of multilevel research for revealing the deficiencies. Instead of studying single level (macro or micro), multilevel r...

Teachers play a pivotal role in implementing educational innovations and realising curriculum change. Consequently, their perceptions of innovations and curricula content are of crucial importance. In this study, teachers’ perceptions of the new ICT curriculum in Flanders are examined. This curriculum reflects Flemish society’s underlying vision of the role of technology and ICT in teaching and...

Dissociations between explicit and implicit memory tests, between recollective and automatic retrieval processes, and between memorial states of awareness of past events all suggest that human memory is not a unitary faculty. Memory dissociations reflect the complex relationship between consciousness and memory. To understand such a complex relationship, any single level of analysis is not enou...

The present study examines the effects of six weather parameters (temperature, wind power, sunlight, precipitation, air pressure, and photoperiod) on mood (positive affect, negative affect, and tiredness). Data were gathered from an online diary study (N = 1,233), linked to weather station data, and analyzed by means of multilevel analysis. Multivariate and univariate analyses enabled distincti...

Simulations and analyses were conducted in R64 2.11.111 (R Development Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria (2010)). In all simulations, a standardized (i.e., all variables have a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1), two-level multilevel model was used, where individual observations i are nested within clu...

OBJECTIVES To characterize and compare sociodemographic profiles, game-play patterns, and level of addictive behaviors among adults who gamble online and those who do not, and to examine if, at the population level, online gambling is associated with more risky behaviors than offline gambling. METHODS Respondents were 8,456 offline gamblers and 111 online gamblers who participated in a popula...

This paper advances an empirical model assessing how changing economic and ecological conditions at different spatial scales affect land conversion decisions. We apply a multilevel econometric model to explore the implications for parameter estimates and their standard errors of ignoring hierarchical groupings in the data. The paper draws on a panel of agricultural-household data collected from...

Individual and average growth patterns of the facial dimensions Nasion-Gnathion and Sella-Gonion, as related to statural growth were studied. The sample consisted of 134 girls aged 7-14 years. Data were analysed using a multivariate extension of the multilevel model for longitudinal data. The results confirmed that the mean growth curves of Nasion-Gnathion, Sella-Gonion and body height parallel...