one-pot preparation of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles has been conducted in the presence of poly(4-vinylpyridinium butane sulfonic acid) hydrogen sulfate, p(4vpbsa)hso4, as an efficient dual acidic catalyst under solvent-free conditions. reusability of the catalyst, easy work-up procedure, eco-friendly reaction conditions, short reaction times and high yields of th...

Substituted 2, 4- diphenyl quinolines were synthesized by a multicomponent domino reaction of anilines, aldehydes and terminal aryl alkynes. The synthetic pathway involves the formation of an imine, followed by the intermolecular addition of an alkyne to the imine. This intermediate immediately undergoes ring closure and oxidative aromatization. The reaction is catalyzed by natural kaolin, a st...

in this study, the synthesis of 4 h -chromenes of biological activity via a multicomponent reaction of dimedone, aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile catalyzed by glutamic acid as a catalyst was investigated. the structural features of the synthesized compounds were characterized by melting point, ir and 1 h nmr analysis. the catalyst being reported here is cheap, safe to handle and the whole p...

sulfonic acid functionalized sba-15 (sba-pr-so3h) with pore size 6 nm as an efficient heterogeneous nanoporous solid acid catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity in the biginelli-like reaction in the synthesis of spiroheterobicyclic rings with good yield and good recyclability. spiro-pyrimidinethiones/spiro-pyrimidinones-barbituric acid derivatives were synthesized in a simple and efficient ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether adding comorbid conditions to a risk model can help predict in-hospital outcome and long-term mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). DESIGN Retrospective chart review SETTING Academic medical centre. PATIENTS 7659 patients who had 9032 PCIs. INTERVENTIONS PCI performed at Mayo Clinic between 1 January 1999 and 30 June 2004. MAIN OUTCOME...

Novel scaffolds are of uttermost importance for the discovery of functional material. Three different heterocyclic scaffolds easily accessible from isocyanoacetaldehyde dimethylacetal 1 by multicomponent reaction (MCR) are described. They can be efficiently synthesized by a Ugi tetrazole multicomponent reaction of 1. We discuss the synthesis, 3D structures, and other physicochemical properties.

new series of spiroindeno[1,2-b]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5,3′-indolines as new urease inhibitors were synthesized by the catalytic procedure in high yield and short reaction time. in this method, biacidic carbon was prepared as a novel heterogeneous acid and was subsequently used as an efficient catalyst in this synthesis. the inhibitory activities of synthesized compounds were tested against ja...

triphenyl phosphine(pph3), an efficient and reusable catalyst, catalysed the synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-6-methyl-4-aryl-4h-pyran-5-ethylcarboxylate derivatives by one-pot condensation of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile and ethyl acetoacetate in etoh-h2o (1:1) at reflux conditions. the results show that aromatic aldehydes containing electron-donating groups or electron-withdrawing groups cou...

Medical case reports (MCRs) have been undervalued in the literature to date. It seems that while case series emphasize what is probable, case reports describe what is possible and what can go wrong. MCRs transfer medical knowledge and act as educational tools. We outline evolving aspects of the MCR in current practice.

Mesophotic coral reefs (MCRs) are an understudied continuum of shallow coral reef communities at depths of 30 to 150 m. These reefs are subject to gradients of light and nutrients that results in changes to the community structure and function with increased depth. The upper mesophotic reef is comprised of many of the same species that are found in shallow coral reef systems. However, the lower...