Reverse supply chain is a process dealing with the backward flows of used/damaged products or materials. Reverse supply chain includes activities such as collection, inspection, reprocess, disposal and redistribution. A well-organized reverse supply chain can provide important advantages such as economic and environmental ones. In this study, we propose a general framework and formulate a m...

With the constant changes of the market demand trends and modern information technology which greatly influence supply chain operation and management, postponement has been developed to be an important strategy in some of the supply chain processes. This paper studies the multi-period and multi-commodity flow supply chain network equilibrium problem with postponement strategy under a type of su...

the health industry’s supply chain is full of uncertainty and unpredictability. thus, building an intelligent system to effectively capture the requirements of customers and help manage the supply chain is very important. despite artificial intelligence widespread acceptance as a decision-aid tool, ai has seen limited application in supply chain management. to fully exploit the potential benefi...

during recent years, determining appropriate strategy in the supply chain has become an important strategic issue. however, the nature of these decisions usually is complex and unstructured. to determine the best supply chain strategy, many quantitative and qualitative attributes such as cost, responsiveness and flexibility can be taken into account. in order to approximate the human subjective...

Supply chain management (SCM) is a subject that has found so much attention among different commercial and industrial organizations due to competing environment of products. Therefore, integration of constituent element of this chain is a great deal. This paper proposes a multi objective production-allocation and distribution planning problem (PADPP) in a multi echelon supply chain network. We ...

    Strategic programming, Complex supply chain, Lean, Production programming, Suppliers selection,   ELECTRE This paper represents a model of strategic programming with limited resources in a complex supply chain. The main goal of the proposed model is to increase efficiency and effectiveness of the supply chain with respect to income increases and cost decreases. Using special objective funct...

This paper investigates the Stackelberg equilibrium for pricing and ordering decisions in a multi-channel supply chain. We study a situation where a manufacturer is going to open a direct online channel in addition to n existing traditional retail channels. It is assumed that the manufacturer is the leader and the retailers are the followers. The situation has a hierarchical nature and...

Integrated production-distribution planning (PDP) is one of the most important approaches in supply chain networks. We consider a supply chain network (SCN) to consist of multi suppliers, plants, distribution centers (DCs), and retailers. A bi-objective mixed integer linear programming model for integrating production-distribution designed here aim to simultaneously minimize total net costs in ...

Fuzzy linear symmetrical bi-level programming is the most extensive problem in multi-level programming. A new method based on tolerance degree has been introduced in this paper. The method mainly concerns the modeling of complicated Supply Chain with bi-level Stackelberg structure. We analyze the reason lead to uncertainties in supply chain, summarize methods of dealing with uncertainties, and ...