An enzyme electrode system for the determination of creatinine and creatine was developed by utilizing three enzymes: creatinine amidohydrolase (CA), creatine amidinohydrolase (Cl), and sarcosine oxidase (SO). These enzymes were co-immobilized onto the porous side of a cellulose acetate membrane with asymmetric structure, which has selective permeability to hydrogen peroxide. Two kinds of multi...

tobacco smoke contains numerous compounds, many ‎of which are oxidants and capable of producing free radical and enhancing ‎the oxidative stress. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on the erythrocyte antioxidative enzyme activities and the plasma ‎concentration of their cofactors. ‎sixty eight healthy men were enrolled, 32 of whom had never smoked and 36 ha...

background salep is used for various purposes in food industries and traditional medicine. therefore, evaluation of its effect on the liver seems to be necessary. objectives the aim of this study was to assess salep effect on liver. materials and methods in this experimental study, various concentrations of salep were intraperitoneally administered to five groups of wistar rats (control, placeb...

by discovering how chemical compounds/xenobiotics cytotoxicity is affected when their metabolic pathways are inhibited or activated, the metabolic pathways that activate versus detoxify chemical compound can be identified. reactive metabolites contributing to cytotoxicity can also be identified. in this lecture, the pretreatment of inhibitors and activators of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes as...

Chromatin structure plays an essential role in the regulation' of many nuclear processes such as transcription, replication, recombination, and repair. It is generally accepted that chromatin remodeling is a prerequisite step in gene activation. Over recent years , large multi subunit enzmes that regulate the accessibility of nucleosomal DNA have emerged as key regulators of eukaryotic transcri...

Uniform hydrogel microparticles with ZIF-8 nanoparticles for molecular co-confinement of cascade enzymes are developed by microfluidics to achieve enhanced stability and reusability under harsh conditions.