BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Studies done mainly in adults have shown an association between annular tears and nuclear degeneration. We wanted to study this association in the pediatric population to better understand the natural history of disk degeneration in its early stages. We hypothesized that this association is discernible even at a young age and that annular tears precede nuclear degeneratio...

BACKGROUND The management of meniscus tears identified at the time of primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is highly variable and includes repair, meniscectomy, and nontreatment. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the reoperation rate for meniscus tears left untreated at the time of ACL reconstruction with a minimum follow-up of 6 years. The hypot...

Several strategies for controlling microtubule patterns are developed because of the rigidity determined from the molecular structure and the geometrical structure. In contrast to the patterns in co-operation with motor proteins or associated proteins, microtubules have a huge potential for patterns via their intrinsic flexural rigidity. We discover that a microtubule teardrop pattern emerges v...

From a retrospective, cohort study of 205 patients diagnosed with full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff, we determined, using ultrasound, the prevalence of such tears in their 129 siblings. Using 150 spouses as controls, the relative risk of full-thickness tears in siblings versus controls was 2.42 (95% CI 1.77 to 3.31). The relative risk of symptomatic full-thickness tears in siblings versu...

We report the case of an 84 years old man without significant medical history. He consulted for rapidly progressive dysphagia for solids and liquids and loss of weight. The gastroscopy showed a dilated esophagus but no trace of food in it. The esophageal mucosa had superficial and linear tears that followed the long axis from the middle to the cardias (Fig. 1). The endoscopic view remembered th...

BACKGROUND The aim of this paper is to report the incidence of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tears in patients treated with ranibizumab for subfoveal fibrovascular retinal pigment epithelial detachment (FVPED) due to occult age-related macular degeneration (AMD). MATERIAL/METHODS Thirty patients were treated according to the following schedule: saturation phase, further treatment was based...

PURPOSE The complement system is part of the innate defense system of the body, and it contributes to inflammatory conditions. The current study examined tears for the presence of complement components, the activity of the components, and the presence of regulatory components. METHODS The significance of a functional complement system in tears was examined in four ways. First, the presence an...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Annular tears of lumbar intervertebral disks are found in both symptomatic and asymptomatic persons; therefore, it is difficult to determine whether these findings indicate acute abnormality. Our purpose was to determine whether the MR imaging findings of tears (ie, hyperintensity and contrast enhancement) of the annulus fibrosus persist or resolve over time. METHODS A ...

objective(s): prostaglandins have been shown to mediate the gastro-protective effect of sodium hydrosulfide (nahs) but effect of nahs on mrna expression of prostaglandin e2 receptors (ep1, 3-4; eps) has not been investigated. therefore, this study designed to evaluate the effect of nahs on mrna expression of eps receptors in response to mucosal acidification and distention-induced gastric acid ...

Lipid-containing artificial tears are a type of artificial tears that use lipid components in order to restore the lipid layer of the tear film. One of these components is lecithin which can be applied in spray solutions containing lecithin liposomes. In this work the behavior of three of these commercial tears based on lecithin, Innoxa, Opticalm and Optrex, are studied using the Langmuir techn...