Livestock movements in Great Britain (GB) are well recorded and are a unique record of the network of connections among livestock-holding locations. These connections can be critical for disease spread, as in the 2001 epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the UK. Here, the movement data are used to construct an individual-farm-based model of the initial spread of FMD in GB and determine t...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of China's infectious disease automated alert and response system in the detection of outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth (HFM) disease. METHODS We estimated size, duration and delay in reporting HFM disease outbreaks from cases notified between 1 May 2008 and 30 April 2010 and between 1 May 2010 and 30 April 2012, before and after automatic alert and respo...

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) causes substantial economic losses to the predominantly agricultural community of the Kingdom of Nepal. FMD is endemic in the country and four of the seven serotypes of FMD virus have been isolated (O, A, C and Asia 1). The epidemiology of FMD and the factors which play a role in its prevalence and spread are outlined. The National Epidemiological Laboratory for FMD...

introdouction: oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc), the most common form of oral cancer, requires early diagnosis and suitable treatments. fascin is a protein involved in cell adhesion and is increased in expression in certain types of carcinomas. the present study was conducted to assess fascin expression in oscc using an immunohistochemical technique. materials and methods: in the present ret...

Since 2001 models of the spread of foot-and-mouth disease, supported by the data from the UK epidemic, have been expounded as some of the best examples of problem-driven epidemic models. These claims are generally based on a comparison between model results and epidemic data at fairly coarse spatio-temporal resolution. Here, we focus on a comparison between model and data at the individual farm...

Information with regard to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks that occurred in the Kruger National Park (KNP) and adjacent areas of South Africa between 1970 and 2009 was collected from reports and files of various government departments and collated into one report. The collected data were summarised in a table and assessed for patterns. Fifty-one FMD outbreaks occurred during this period ...

The authors describe a questionnaire survey of foot and mouth disease (FMD) and of FMD control by vaccination in sixty villages in northern Thailand. FMD was found to be common, with 90% of the villages surveyed reporting one or more outbreaks in the five years prior to interview, and 28% of villages reporting outbreaks every year. Outbreaks were more common in the wet season (June to September...

Left: mouth against the mouth template. Right: nonmouth against the same template. Least squares regression (red) and arithmetic mean (blue).. .. .. .. 22 2.7 Left: mouth against the mouth template. Right: nonmouth against the same template. Weighted regression (red) and weighted mean (blue) with radial weights. 22 2.8 Left: the mouth of the person from Figure 1.1. Right: residuals of the linea...