The original theory of neurqmuscular transmission involving acetylcholine led to the necessity to postulate an enzyme which hydrolysed it. This was done by Dale in 1914. It was not until 1932, however, that Stedman, Stedman, and Easson were able to prepare from horse serum an enzyme which could actually do this and which was called cholinesterase. The enzyme was then found to be present in a wi...

1. The pharmacology of suxamethonium blockade of the rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation has been studied in the presence of some foreign anions.2. Blockade proceeded in two distinct phases in both normal and modified Krebs solution.3. In normal Krebs solution the characteristics bore no close resemblance to either depolarizing or competitive type blockade.4. In the presence of foreign anio...

Acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) mediate synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction, and structural and functional analysis has assigned distinct functions to the fetal (alpha2beta(gamma)delta) and adult types of AChR (alpha2beta(epsilon)delta). Mice lacking the epsilon-subunit gene die prematurely, showing that the adult type is essential for maintenance of neuromuscular synapses in ad...

SUMMARY Neuromuscular junction ultrastructure in rat forelimb digit extensor muscle (FDE), extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) was quantitatively investigated in experimental autoim-mune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). Experimental animals were immunized with highly purified Narke Japonica acetylcholine receptor protein plus complete Freund's adjuvant and B. pertussis vaccine : control a...

License plate detection is the first and essential step of license recognition system still challenging in real applications, such as on-road scenarios. In particular, small-sized multi-oriented plates, mainly caused by remote mobile camera, are to detect. We propose a novel applicable method for degraded via vehicle-plate relation mining this work. The proposed can detect coarse-to-fine scheme...

Botulinum toxin type A (BTX) injections are frequently used in children with cerebral palsy (CP) to control spasticity. Injection variables still lead to variable outcomes of this treatment. Using instrumented spasticity assessment and muscle volume assessment the most effective location of the injection was demonstrated for gracilis and psoas muscles in children with CP. It was found that this...

A technique is described for the electrophysiological investigation of motor-point muscle biopsies and the data from 13 biopsies are reported. It was not possible to demonstrate any influence of disease upon the resting potentials of individual biopsies, but resting potentials were in general lower than those reported for limb muscle in vivo. Miniature end-plate potentials (MEPPs) in clinically...

Reinnervation is needed to rescue muscle when motoneurons die in disease or injury. Embryonic ventral spinal cord cells transplanted into peripheral nerve reinnervate muscle and reduce atrophy, but low motoneuron survival may limit motor unit formation. We tested whether transplantation of a purified population of embryonic motoneurons into peripheral nerve (mean ± SE, 146,458 ± 4,011 motoneuro...

The extraocular muscles of the C57BL/6Jdy-2j myotonic mouse were studied by phase and electron microscopy. The most susceptible ocular muscle was the levator palpebrae; the other muscles manifested scattered abnormalities to varying degrees. Central nucleation and fiber splitting were prominent. Junctional abnormalities consisted of a reduction in post-junctional folding, excessive numbers of a...

During embryonic development, commissural axons, originating in the dorsal spinal cord, send axons ventrally towards the floor plate. The trajectory of these axons is mediated by both repulsive cues secreted from the roof plate, as well as attractive cues secreted from the floor plate. To investigate the guidance activity of the floor plate, we first attempted to examine the role of Sonic Hedge...