in contracts to insure the implementation of contractual obligations, guarantees will obtain from promisor. with reference to the general conditions of guarantees, nature and custody of these guarantees does not have been stipulated in civil law and fidic contracts. in civil law about the analysis of the substantive guarantees, the views presented that among the most are: contract guarantee, um...

Conditional probability plays a basic role in the classical probability theory. Some of the most important areas of the theory such as martingales, stochastic processes rely heavily of this concept. Conditional probabilities on a classical measurable space are studied in several different ways, but result in equivalent theories. The classical probability theory does not describe the causality m...

In this paper we prove several new modularity results for unconditional and conditional term rewriting systems. Most of the known modularity results for the former systems hold for disjoint or constructor-sharing combinations. Here we focus on a more general kind of combination: so-called composable systems. As far as conditional term rewriting systems are concerned, all known modularity result...

There are several approaches implementing reasoning based on conditional knowledge bases, one of the most popular being System Z [1]. We look at ranking functions [2] in general, conditional structures and crepresentations [3] in order to examine the reasoning strength of the different approaches by learning which of the known calculi of nonmonotonic reasoning (System P and R) and Direct Infere...

For nonmonotonic reasoning, a default conditional α → β has most often been informally interpreted as a defeasible version of a classical conditional, usually the material conditional. There is however an alternative interpretation, in which a default is regarded essentially as a rule, leading from premises to conclusion. In this paper, we present a family of logics, based on this alternative i...

In this paper, we suggest and evaluate specification tests to test the validity of the conditional mean function implied by Autoregressive Conditional Duration (ACD) models. We propose Lagrange multiplier tests against sign bias alternatives, various types of conditional moment tests and integrated conditional moment tests which are consistent against all possible alternatives. In a Monte-Carlo...

OBJECTIVE To report the latest conditional survival estimates for patients with cancer in Queensland, Australia. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Descriptive study of state-wide population-based data from the Queensland Cancer Registry on patients aged 15-89 years who were diagnosed with invasive cancer between 1982 and 2007. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Conditional 5-year relative survival for the...