Morphine has been found in cow and human milk at concentrations of 200 to 500 nanograms per liter. Multistep purification yields a material that has immunological, biological, pharmacological, and chemical properties identical to those of morphine. Similar morphine-like material, which has been tentatively identified in some common plant sources, may be a ubiquitous dietary constituent and a po...

Zhou, Q. 2001, The Impact of Substance P (SP) N-Terminal Metabolite SP1-7 in Opioid Tolerance and Withdrawal. Acta Univ. Ups. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Pharmacy 260. 60 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-5174-8. The heptapeptide SP1-7, a metabolite of the neuroactive peptide substance P (SP), is suggested to play a role in opioid addiction and memory function. T...

Introduction: Several studies have reported anti-anxiety effects of morphine in adult rats. The present study examined the effect of chronic morphine injections in infancy and before puberty on anxiety-like behavior in immature rats. Methods: Neonate rats (n=35) were randomly chosen and divided into two groups. On postnatal days 8-14, one group received saline and the other one received mor...

In the present study, the effects of intra-cerebral hippocampus (CA1) injections of apomorphine D1, D2-like receptors agonists on morphine-induced place preference in male Wistar rats have been investigated. Subcutaneous administration of different dose of morphine sulphate (1, 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent conditioned place preference (CPP). Intra-cerebral hippocampus (CA1) admin...

Widespread medical use of unprocessed opium was a common practice along the centuries until morphine was fi rst discovered in 1804 by Friedrich Sertürner, a German Pharmacist, who fi rst distributed this drug in 1817 [1]. The Romanian surgeon Racoviceanu-Pitesti, who reported his experience using a mixture of cocaine and morphine in 1901, made the fi rst publication concerning the use of opioid...

Numerous data have indicated that competitive and non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists attenuate the development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine. This study extends these findings on the effects of glycine(B) site antagonist, L-701.324. Tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine was measured in hot-plate test in Wistar rats. For 9 days, animals we...

Protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in intra-cellular signal transduction in various physiological and pathological processes including substance abuse. In the present study, the role of PKC in morphine-induced rewarding memory was investigated using the conditioned place preference (CPP) model. We found a significant translocation of PKCs from cytosol to membrane component in nucleus accumbens ...

Introduction: We hypothesized that inappropriate attention during the period of abstinence in individuals with substance use disorder can result in an inadequate perception of emotion and unsuitable reaction to emotional scenes. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the attentional bias towards emotional images in former substance abusers and compare it to healthy adults. Methods:...