During its 25 years of production from 1972 to 1998, the Gibraltar Cu-Mo mine in east-central British Columbia (Figure 1) milled a total of 324 million tons of ore containing an average 0.351% Cu from four open pits. Fieldwork during 2000 involved just over two weeks of detailed pit mapping at the mine. Results of this work and several earlier intervals of pit mapping conducted in 1998 and 1999...

• Multi-Element Analysis Introduction Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has developed over recent years to become a sophisticated tool for the multielemental and isotope ratio analysis of solid samples. Besides a true multi-elemental capability, independent of matrix, the major requirements for most geological laser applications in ICP-MS are the highest se...

Native lead, a rare mineral, occurs in a late-stage vein in the world’s largest lead – zinc – silver deposit, at Broken Hill, Australia. The lead-bearing vein consists mainly of laumontite, quartz, biotite and muscovite, together with minor amounts of lead, galena, sphalerite, molybdenite, and rare allanite-(Ce). Three types of fluid inclusions have been identified: two-phase brine inclusions l...

High-intensity ultrasound exfoliation of a bulk-layered material is an attractive route for large-scale preparation of monolayers. The monolayer slices could potentially be prepared with a high yield (up to 100%) in a few minutes. Exfoliation of natural minerals (such as tungstenite and molybdenite) or bulk synthetic materials (including hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), hexagonal boron carbon ni...