Since 1937 the dry alcohol metaldehyde has been known to act as a molluscicide. Detailed studies have shown that the main effect on slugs is that the mucus cells are irreversibly damaged. Mucus cells are part of important physiological structures typical of molluscs. Metaldehyde is not phytotoxic and in no cases have negative effects been recorded on the carabid beetles Poecilus cupreus, Carabu...

Effective interruption of the Schistosoma life cycle is essential to blocking the parasite’s transmission, and thus truly preventing human schistosomiasis over the long term. Our current mass treatment campaigns were expected to limit transmission by reducing environmental contamination with parasite eggs. However, the process of transmission has proven to be very focal and highly efficient, su...

Ethnobotany of Indonesian communities utilizes plants as botanical pesticides. Recently, there has been no comprehensive data and information related to the ethnobotany potential pesticides on a nationwide scale. This paper aimed depict an overview in Indonesia. The literature was collected from 29 published articles theses (doctoral, master's, bachelor's degrees) English Bahasa After validated...