Zusammenfassung. Die Bedeutung virtueller Planungssysteme in der Medizin besonders für technisch anspruchsvolle Methoden, wie z.B. minimal-invasiven Interventionen, nimmt ständig zu. Virtuelle Endoskopie ist hierbei die Simulation endoskopischer Eingriffe unter Verwendung von Techniken der “Virtuellen Realität” und Methoden der Computer Graphik. Das virtuelle Endoskopiesystem VIVENDI und dessen...

This paper focuses on the notion of ‘pockets of effectiveness’ in the light of the theorisation of regulated neopatrimonialism. The attention to pockets of effectiveness – understood as public organisations which deliver public goods and services relatively effectively in contexts of largely ineffective government – adds to the understanding of regulated neopatrimonialism by focusing on the con...

The epidemic situation in Ukraine the autumn of 2020 with regard to COVID-19 pandemic required continuation quarantine restrictions and educational process almost all higher education institutions went online. aim study was analyze psychological aspects students’ learning context emergency distance during pandemic, satisfaction, success adaptation. data were collected November second wave learn...

A COUNTEREXAMPLE TO MODUS PONENS* T HE rule of modus ponens, which tells us that from an indicative conditional rlf cjJ then 1/1 l, 1 together with its antecedent cjJ, one can infer 1/1, is one of the fundamental principles of logic. 2 Yet, as the following examples show, it is not strictly valid; there are occasions on which one has good grounds for believing the premises of an application of ...

Does it really require those umpteen yardsticks to assess the software size before one can plan for the software build? The obvious answer to the question fortifies the argument whilst the assessment process complexity presents colossal challenges to estimation process; it is the identification of the “right yardstick” which merits much of the required deliberation. Today, IT industry has certa...

To what degree has biology influenced and shaped the development of moral systems? One way to determine the extent to which human moral systems might be the product of natural selection is to explore behaviour in other species that is analogous and perhaps homologous to our own. Many non-human primates, for example, have similar methods to humans for resolving, managing, and preventing conflict...

Virus satellites are widespread subcellular entities, present both in eukaryotic and in prokaryotic cells. Their modus vivendi involves parasitism of the life cycle of their inducing helper viruses, which assures their transmission to a new host. However, the evolutionary and ecological implications of satellites on helper viruses remain unclear. Here, using staphylococcal pathogenicity islands...

Plasmids cannot be understood as mere tools for genetic exchange: they are themselves subject to the forces of evolution. Their genomic and phylogenetic features have been less studied in this respect. Focusing on the IncW incompatibility group, which includes the smallest known conjugative plasmids, we attempt to unveil some common trends in plasmid evolution. The functional modules of IncW ge...

The EU has firmly moved beyond what is termed an intergovernmental organisation. But how can supranationalism be explained action theoretically? Political integration is a process where actors shift their loyalties and activities towards a new centre with the authoritative right to govern in the interest of all. Because the decision-making system of the EU possesses rather weak instruments to b...

Abstract With the beginning of a partial modernisation in Afghanistan late 19th century there emerged pattern opposition to this process. Often described as traditionalism it aimed not only at maintaining status quo but had demodernising twist seeking establishment an alternative socio-political order pursuing demodernisation dressed traditionalist Islamic or tribal rhetoric undermining traditi...