Abstract How was Persian literature disciplinized in the twentieth century? This article addresses this question by focusing on twentieth-century Afghanistan and outlining sociohistorical processes that helped to transform scholarly literary production into a social enterprise. A major outcome of these underexamined making Dāʾerat ol-maʿāref-e Āryānā (1949–79) Kabul, first modern encyclopedia p...

Word reordering is one of the fundamental problems of machine translation, and an important factor of its quality and efficiency. In this paper, we introduce a novel reordering model based on an innovative structure, named, phrasal dependency tree including syntactical and statistical information in context of a log-linear model. The phrasal dependency tree is a new modern syntactic structure b...

This article deciphers and analyzes a  previously unknown Sassanian mint location represented by the inscription WLČ., based on the analysis of a Middle Persian inscription found in Persepolis, and on the linguistic changes that occurred during the transition to modern Persian. Evidence is presented to show that this previously unknown Sassanian mint designation corresponds to the modern-day ci...

lent discharges and it is further added, that ?' in the male this is frequently attended with an inflammation of the testicle, .and in some cases is followed by symptoms referable to the joints and eye." Though in the present day this primary affection of the generative organs has the popular name of Sozdk, and the same name is given to it by the learned writers in Persian or Urdu, such a disea...

Modern Persian permits coda clusters, many of which violate the Sonority Sequencing Principle. In a syllable counting task, Persian speakers consistently perceived clusters in CVCC target items as monosyllabic, whereas English speakers generally perceived clusters existing in English as monosyllabic but those not existing in English as bi-syllabic. Moreover, the latter were perceived as monosyl...

James Joyce's Ulysses is one of the hall-marks of modernism in the realm of the novel. In this novel, Joyce breaks away from old patterns, employs new techniques, and presents the modern state  of  man  as  well  as  his  soul-lacking  indeterminate  communication  with  others.  Freud's theories on the unique and private quality of man's mode of consciousness and the meddling of the past with ...

The current research aims at exploring and comparing the semantic frames of motion verbs in English Persian. In pursuit this goal, novel Animal farm by G. Orwell (1945) was selected compared with its Persian translation, Qale heyvanat (Atefi, 2010). sentences including were primarily extracted from then a comparison made between each sentence counterpart. Afterwards, obtained FrameNet database....

Bilingual parallel corpora are very important in various filed of natural language processing (NLP). The quality of a Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) system strongly dependent upon the amount of training data. For low resource language pairs such as Persian-English, there are not enough parallel sentences to build an accurate SMT system. This paper describes a new approach to use the Wiki...