For century, there has been no change in the fundamental structure of the electrical power grid and vehicle networks. Current hierarchical, centrally controlled grid of the electrical grid is not best for growing demand. To address the challenges of the existing power grid, the new concept of smart grid and smarter planet are under research. The smart grid can be considered as a modern electric...

today, one of the new technologies in the modern era is vehicular ad-hoc network which has takenenormous attention in the recent years. because of rapid topology changing and frequent disconnectionmakes it difficult to design an efficient routing protocol for routing data between vehicles, called v2v orvehicle to vehicle communication and vehicle to roadside infrastructure, called v2i. designin...

This paper aims to theoretically discuss why the ‘post-modern’ professionals are emerging from the ‘modern’ professionalism in the second half of the twentieth century, and how their domestication of information and communication technologies (ICTs), particularly mobile and wireless technologies, potentially shapes and is shaped by the emerging professionals’ work practices. For this discussion...

Worldwide, electrical grids are developing into smart grids. To ensure reliability, robustness and optimized resource usage, these grids will need to rely heavily on modern information and communication technologies. To support the achievement of these goals in communication networks, we evaluated the possibility of using software-defined networking (SDN) infrastructure based on OpenFlow, to pr...

We review automation requirements and technologies for semiconductor manufacturing. We first discuss equipment integration architectures and control to meet automation requirements for modern fabs. We explain tool architectures and operational issues for modern integrated tools such as cluster tools, which combine several processing modules with wafer-handling robots. We then review recent prog...

This paper aims to theoretically discuss the emergence of the ‘post-modern’ professionals out of the ‘modern’ professionalism in the second half of the twentieth century, and how their adoption and intense use of information and communication technologies (ICTs), particularly mobile and wireless technologies, potentially shapes and is shaped by the emerging professionals’ work practices. For th...

information and communication technologies are the most recent scientific achievements of mankind's ability seems to have much to offer society and are expected to be useful in solving the problems of human society. many around the world believe that accelerates the process of adjustment in the exchange of knowledge and information through information and communication technologies a vital role...