Seedlings are a crucial part of the plant community and basis vegetation restoration regeneration. Grazing climate change two main factors contributing to changes in semiarid grasslands. However, effects grazing on seedling emergence with rainfall variation not clearly understood. This study aimed address how abundance dynamics annuals respond different years. We conducted investigation experim...

Increasing species richness of light demanding species in forests may not be a conservation concern if we accept a macroecological and evolutionary baseline for biodiversity. Most of the current biodiversity in Europe has evolved in the Pleistocene or earlier, and in ecosystems markedly influenced by dynamic natural processes, including grazing. Many threatened species are associated with high-...

Grazing-induced plant defences that reduce palatability to herbivores are widespread in terrestrial plants and seaweeds, but they have not yet been reported in seagrasses. We investigated the ability of two seagrass species to induce defences in response to direct grazing by three associated mesograzers. Specifically, we conducted feeding-assayed induction experiments to examine how mesograzer-...

Soil physical properties have an important role on vegetation growththrough affecting the development of root system. The aim of this study was toinvestigate the trampling effect of livestock grazing on soil physical properties andvegetation cover changes. The experiment was conducted on three range conditionsites (Reference, Key and Critical area) with ten frequencies in HosseinabadeKudistan i...

a primary uses from iran rangelands is livestock grazing and the major livestock is sheep. sheep grazing on the slopes above 60%, because of using a lot of energy for grazing operation, caused to not only reduces livestock performance but also increases the risk of erosion. sheep grazing in an area where more than five kilometers away from water sources, due to the prolongation of the march rou...

Direct numerical simulations of sea surface scattering are used to evaluate the accuracy of a recently proposed analytical model for ocean-generated Doppler spectra. Comparisons are performed for backscattering at incidence angles varying from near-nadir to low grazing at Land X-bands. Doppler centroids predicted by the model show, as expected, large discrepancies close to nadir and grazing dir...

Studies on the impacts of grazing carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry storage are crucial for better understanding nutrient cycles grasslands ecosystems. Using a controlled experimental platform in meadow steppe ecosystem, effects different stocking rates (0.00, 0.23, 0.34, 0.46, 0.69, 0.92 AU ha?1) contents plant functional groups were explored. The major results were: (1) carbon co...

soil physical properties have an important role on vegetation growththrough affecting the development of root system. the aim of this study was toinvestigate the trampling effect of livestock grazing on soil physical properties andvegetation cover changes. the experiment was conducted on three range conditionsites (reference, key and critical area) with ten frequencies in hosseinabadekudistan i...

The relationship between intensity and timing of cattle grazing on changes in the size and composition of the soil seed bank were investigated in a 3-yr study in a Mediterranean grassland in northeastern Israel. Treatments included manipulations of stocking rates and of grazing regimes, in a factorial design. The retrieved soil seed bank community was rich in species, with 133 species accountin...