Transient exposure of rat cortical cultures to nonlethal oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD preconditioning) induces tolerance to otherwise lethal oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) or N-methyl-D-aspartate 24 h later. This study evaluates the role of cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+-dependent cellular signaling. Mechanistic findings are placed in context with other models of ischemic preconditioning...

Antioxidant enzymes maintain cellular redox homeostasis. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), an enzyme located in mitochondria, is the key enzyme that protects the energy-generating mitochondria from oxidative damage. Levels of MnSOD are reduced in many diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and psoriasis. Overexpression of MnSOD in tumor cells can significantly attenuate t...

Accumulated data have suggested that the hydroxyl groups of flavonoids are important for their bioactive function. To directly demonstrate the role of hydroxyl groups, we synthesized a derivative of quercetin, 3,7,3',4'-O-tetrabenzylquercetin (4Bn-Q) that substituted the hydroxyl groups of quercetin with benzyl groups, and then evaluated the ability to inhibit cell proliferation and cause apopt...

SUMMARY Cytokine storm precipitated by activation of the host innate immune defenses is a major cause COVID19 death. To elucidate how SARS-CoV-2 initiates this inflammatory process, we studied viroporin proteins E and Orf3a (2-E+2-3a). Expression 2-E+2-3a in human 293T cells resulted increased cytosolic Ca++ then elevated mitochondrial Ca++, taken up through MUCi1...