Annual outbreaks of seasonal influenza are controlled or prevented through vaccination in many countries. The seasonal vaccines used are either inactivated, currently administered parenterally, or live-attenuated given intranasally. In this study three mucosal adjuvants were examined for the influence on the humoral (mucosal and systemic) and cellular influenza A-specific immune responses induc...

Blood-stage malaria parasites ablate memory B cells generated by vaccination in mice, resulting in diminishing natural boosting of vaccine-induced antibody responses to infection. Here we show the development of a new vaccine comprising a baculovirus-based Plasmodium yoelii 19-kDa carboxyl terminus of merozoite surface protein 1 (PyMSP1(19)) capable of circumventing the tactics of parasites in ...

A sudden increase in the incidence of scrapie in Italy in 1997 was subsequently linked to the use of a potentially infected vaccine against contagious agalactia. The relative risk for the exposed farms ranged between 6 and 40. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term impact of exposure to the potentially scrapie-contaminated vaccine on the Italian classical scrapie epidemic. We carried...

BACKGROUND Given the variation in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage across Canada, and debate regarding delivery of HPV vaccines in Catholic schools, we studied online comments on Canadian news websites to understand public perceptions of HPV and HPV vaccine. METHODS We searched English- and French-language Canadian news websites for 2012 articles that contained the terms "HPV" or "...

Near-critical and supercritical fluids have been used successfully in the manufacture of vaccine, antibody and antibiotic microparticles by Carbon-dioxide Assisted Nebulization with a Bubble Dryer ® (CAN-BD). In CAN-BD two fluid streams, a drug, antibody, or vaccine solution or suspension, and supercritical or near-critical CO2, are intimately mixed in a low dead volume tee. These mixed fluid s...

Hepatitis B (HB) vaccine was licensed in November 1981 as a highly immunogenic and ef­ fective vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Large studies before licensure demonstrated, with one exception, that the vaccine induced antibody* in over 90% of healthy adult recipients of the three-dose series ( 1-3). The one exception, in which only 85% of recip­ ients responded to vaccination,...

Concerns about a potential link between sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and vaccination are unsupported by longitudinal evidence. The analyses employed a multivariate mixed-effects model analyzing data from the National Immunization Survey, School Vaccination Assessment Reports, National Vital Statistics and National Children's Health Sur...