This paper presents a study on determining the degree of effectiveness of earthquake risk mitigation measures and how to prioritize such efforts in developing countries. In this paper a model is proposed for optimizing funds allocation towards risk reduction measures (building retrofitting) and reconstruction process after potential earthquakes in a regional level. The proposed model seeks opti...

Biochars produced by pyrolysis at high temperatures under oxygen limited conditions can contain both well-known contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), potentially toxic elements (PTEs), dioxins, volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) and emerging (e.g., persistent free radicals, metal cyanide). Their potential to induce phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity, neurotoxicity highlight the need e...

As cities are increasing technological efficacy on greenhouse gas (GH) emission reduction efforts, the surrounding urban ecosystems and natural resources may be affected by these measures. In this research, climate indicators such as heat index, extreme events, intensified islands (UHIs), sea breeze projected for middle end of 21st century to understand change signal variables with without buil...

For some decades, the Mondego estuary has been under severe ecological stress, mainly caused by eutrophication. The most visible effect was the occurrence of macroalgal blooms and the concomitant decrease of the area occupied by Zostera noltii beds. Since the end of 1998, mitigation measures were implemented in the estuary to promote the recovery of the seagrass beds and the entire surrounding ...