Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by chronic inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage. As microRNA (miRNA)-dependent alterations in gene expression in hematopoietic cells are critical for mounting an appropriate immune response, miRNA deregulation may result in defects in immune tolerance. In this frame, we sought to explor...

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death due to cancer in women. Accumulating evidence shows a correlation between overexpression of miR-155 and breast cancer development. The microRNA (miRNA) encoded by mir-155 is known to be oncogenic in multiple tumors. This review summarizes the signaling pathways that are regulated by miR-155 in breast cancer and discusses therapeutic possibiliti...

MicroRNA (miRNA) deficiency impairs the generation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, but the contribution of individual miRNAs to this phenotype remains poorly understood. In this study, we performed deep sequencing analysis of miRNAs expressed in Tfh cells and identified a five-miRNA signature. Analyses of mutant mice deficient of these miRNAs revealed that miR-22 and miR-183/96/182 are disp...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered the most common cause of sporadic dementia. In AD, adaptive and innate immune responses play a crucial role in clearance of amyloid beta and maintenance of cognitive functions. In addition to other changes in the immune system, AD alters the T-cell responses that affect activation of glial cells, neuronal cells, macrophages, and secretion of pro-inflammato...

It has been well documented that preeclampsia (PE) has a common etiological background, but little is known about its linkage at the molecular level.Non- coding RNAs are critical posttranscriptional regulators ofgene expression.  This study was performed to determine whether PEis associated with alterations in placental non-codingRNAs expression. MicroRNA(miR)-155-5p and long non-coding RN...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~22-nucleotide long RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression and inflammatory responses in eukaryotes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the roles of miRNA (miR)-155 on the interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced response in biliary atresia (BA), which is the most common form of pediatric chronic liver disease and a leading indication for pediatric liver transplantation. The...

downs syndrome (ds), or trisomy 21, is the most common genetic cause of cognitive impairment and congenital heart defects in the human population. to date, the contribution of micrornas (mirnas) in ds has not been investigated. bioinformatic analyses demonstrate that human chromosome 21 (hsa21) harbors five mirna genes mir-99a, let-7c, mir-125b-2, mir-155 and mir-802. mirna expression profiling...

it has been well documented that preeclampsia (pe) has a common etiological background, but little is known about its linkage at the molecular level.non- coding rnas are critical posttranscriptional regulators ofgene expression.  this study was performed to determine whether peis associated with alterations in placental non-codingrnas expression. microrna(mir)-155-5p and long non-coding rna (ln...

Processing of miRNAs occurs simultaneous with the transcription and splicing of their primary transcripts. For the small subset of exonic miRNAs it is unclear if the unspliced and/or spliced transcripts are used for miRNA biogenesis. We assessed endogenous levels and cellular location of primary transcripts of three exonic miRNAs. The ratio between unspliced and spliced transcripts varied marke...

A single microRNA (miRNA) has the potential to regulate thousands of genes and thus govern multiple signaling pathways at once. miR-155 is an oncogenic miRNA which regulates many cellular pathways, designating it as a multifaceted regulator of proliferation, chemo-resistance, and apoptosis. While many singular targeted effects of miR-155 have been defined and an oncogenic role has been attribut...