The erythemal exposure due to filtered ultraviolet radiation has been evaluated with a dosimetric spectrum evaluator in a glass enclosure to simulate a sun-room with glass roof and walls, in a greenhouse and in a small and large car. The ratio expressed as a percent of the erythemal irradiances to the shoulder of a person in an upright position inside each of the environments to those measured ...

A generally accepted value for the Radiation Amplification Factor (RAF), with respect to the erythemal action spectrum for sunburn of human skin, is −1.1, indicating that a 1.0% increase in stratospheric ozone leads to a 1.1% decrease in the biologically damaging UV radiation in the erythemal action spectrum reaching the Earth. The RAF is used to quantify the non-linear change in the biological...

Vitamin D deficiency is epidemic in India despite of plenty of sunshine. The interpretation of vitamin D levels should be done with the solar zenith angle, minimal erythemal dose, skintype, UV Index and geographical location. All Indian studies uniformly point to low 25(OH)D levels in the populations studies despite abundant sunshine. All studies have uniformly documented low dietary calcium in...

The skin commensal microbiota is regularly exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in sunlight. Studies mice have demonstrated that the modulates inflammatory environment following UVR exposure. However, role of development UVR-induced inflammation (sunburn) has not been reported humans. We examined UVR-erythema dose-response human upper back (n=8, type I-III) presence and absence microbiota. On...

Background: The Coronavirus mostly attacks people with low immune systems and can results in death. Adequate vitamin D increase immunity. Most of the Indonesian population is deficient D. Exposure to sunlight however inappropriate long hours causes many health problems. Aim Of This Paper: determine best sunbathing time prevention Disease 2019 (covid-19). Discussion: Optimal sun exposure various...

BACKGROUND Skin colour is an important factor in skin-related diseases. Accurate determination of skin colour is important for disease prevention and supporting healthy sun behaviour, yet such data are lacking for dark skin types. METHODS Self-perceived, natural skin colour and sun-skin reaction were compared with objectively measured skin colour among an African population with predominantly...

Objective To determine and compare the SPF (Sun Protection Factor) and moisturizing effects of the liposomal and conventional lotion formulations containing octyl methoxycinnamte (OMC) as a sunscreen by in vivo methods. Materials and Methods The multilamellar liposomes (MLVs) containing OMC were prepared by fusion method and o/w emulsion was prepared as FDA standard sunscreen method. The SPF...

A cost effective method employing polysulphone, nalidixic acid, 8-methoxypsoralen and phenothiazine as UV dosimeters is presented for evaluating the UV spectrum. The exposure measured by each dosimeter is a function of the source spectrum and the spectral response of the material. Each material has a different spectral response and records a different dose for the same exposure. A least squares...

Vitamin D is synthesised by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of skin and is hypothesized to be a direct mediator of the immunosuppression that occurs following UV radiation (UVR) exposure. Both UVR and vitamin D drive immune responses towards tolerance by ultimately increasing the suppressive activities of regulatory T cells. To examine a role for UVR-induced vitamin D, vitamin D(3)-deficient mice ...