"Minimal stimulation" was applied to evoke responses in an "all-or-none" fashion in presumed medium spiny neurons of rat neostriatal slices in the presence of antagonists for glutamatergic excitation. For comparison, responses were evoked in the same cells by compound stimulation. Bicuculline (30 microM) blocked responses evoked by minimal stimulation, indicating that they were gamma-aminobutyr...

introduction: low-frequency stimulation (lfs) has a delaying effect on kindled seizures acquisition. in the present study we examined the role of galanin receptors in the inhibitory effects of lfs on kindled seizures induced by electrical stimulation of perforant path. methods: animals were stimulated daily at the ad threshold intensity with a rapid kindling procedure. lfs was applied immediate...

background: c-reactive protein (crp) can be increased after hormonal stimulations. the changes of crp might affect the success of in-vitro fertilization (ivf). objective: the aim of this study was to determine the possible relationship between the serum crp level and outcome of controlled ovarian stimulation, and pregnancy rate in patients undergoing ivf or intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ic...

Background: The affordable protocol to prevent the severe OHSS in two groups of patients PCO syndrome and non PCO high responder. Methods and Materials: PubMed and Medline were searched from January 2000 till end of May 2014. This Study investigates whether the mild protocol is associated to prevent severe OHSS in infertile female. Results: According to this survey, 9 studies were included and ...

we define minimal cn-dominating graph $mathbf {mcn}(g)$, commonality minimal cn-dominating graph $mathbf {cmcn}(g)$ and vertex minimal cn-dominating graph $mathbf {m_{v}cn}(g)$, characterizations are given for graph $g$ for which the newly defined graphs are connected. further serval new results are developed relating to these graphs.

One hundred and one patients with sustained unimorphic ventricular tachycardia underwent programmed ventricular stimulation with one of two protocols. Fifty patients underwent programmed stimulation with protocol A, which consisted of burst overdrive pacing, single, double, and triple extrastimuli at the right ventricular apex, right ventricular outflow tract, or septum, and then at the left ve...

BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), in particular mobilized peripheral blood stem cells, represent an attractive target for cell and gene therapy. Efficient gene delivery into these target cells without compromising self-renewal and multi-potency is crucial for the success of gene therapy. We investigated factors involved in the ex vivo transduction of CD34(+) HSCs in order to develop a ...

The primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and primary motor cortex (M1) receive somatosensory afferent input to influence motor hand circuitry and control. Much of the literature has investigated this relationship extensively using animal models. In contrast, much of these relationships and neural mechanisms are still not well understood in humans. The present work investigated homosynaptic and het...

We analyzed the twitch and summated torque (tetanus) during repetitive activation and recovery of the human soleus muscle in individuals with spinal cord injury. Thirteen individuals with complete paralysis (9 chronic, 4 acute) had the tibial nerve activated every 1,500 ms with a 20-Hz train (7 stimuli) for 300 ms and a single pulse at 1,100 ms. The stimulation protocol lasted 3 min and include...