The dynamic behaviors of electrons in a miniature Penning ion source model are analyzed by the particle cell/Monte Carlo collision simulation method combined with scalar magnetic potential finite-difference method. Mainly, influence shielding on trajectory and spatial distribution discharge process is taken into consideration. plasma impedance during excitation further discussed. calculated tar...

background: ketamine is a commonly used intravenous anesthetic which produces dissociation anesthesia, analgesia, and amnesia. the mechanism of ketamine-induced synaptic inhibition in high-level cortical areas is still unknown. we aimed to elucidate the effects of different concentrations of ketamine on the glutamatergic synaptic transmission of the neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex b...

We have combined a novel low temperature positioning mechanism with a single-chip miniature superconducting quantum interference device ~SQUID! magnetometer to form an extremely sensitive new magnetic microscope, with a demonstrated spatial resolution of ;10 mm. The design and operation of this scanning SQUID microscope will be described. The absolute calibration of this instrument with an idea...

Recent studies of rice miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs), largely fueled by the availability of genomic sequence, have provided answers to many of the outstanding questions regarding the existence of active MITEs, their source of transposases (TPases) and their chromosomal distribution. Although many questions remain about MITE origins and mode of amplification, data accum...

Rhizoctonia-like fungi were isolated from the infected roots of miniature rose (Rosa hybrida cv. Linda) plant with chlorosis and necrosis symptoms, grown in commercial glasshouse in Rafsanjan, Iran, during the autumn of 2011. All of the isolates were identified as binucleate Rhizoctonia sp. on the basis of hyphal characteristics and nuclei number. They were tested for detection of the anastomos...

In this study, the technology for producing ridge waveguides with a minimal roughness of sidewalls and material surface in near-waveguide region was developed purpose fabricating miniature photonic integrated circuits on LiNbO3 substrate. Plasma etching processes were used waveguide fabrication different substrates. The specifications equipment plasma source, method mask substrate determined pr...